PENINGKATAN MUTU GENETIK INDUK DAN CALON INDUK KAMBING PE PROLIFIK MELALUI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN KULIT BUAH KAKAO

Pod husks from waste cocoa crops used as alternative feed goats Peranakan Etawah. This study aims to determine the impact of the pod husks as a feed supplement to increase body size of adult female and parent in preparing for pregnancy. A total of 30 goats were divided into 16 tails dara and 14 breeding, reared intensively for 60 days. Pod husks were feeding as many as 1000-1500 g / head / day. The analysis used the PCR RFLP. The results showed the average growth of Body Lenght for the adult female, the prolific parent and single parent respectively by 1.75, 2:18 and 1:59 cm, while the average increase respectively Shoulder Height 1:49, and 1:12 1.97 cm. The results of the analysis of PCR RFLP GH MspI produced three genotypes, namely TT; TC and CC. Obtained genotype frequencies of TT (0091); TC (0409) and CC (0500). GH MspI gene polymorphism is not associated with the prolific nature, but related with the average increase in body size. It can be seen in the TT genotype showed the average increase Body Lenght (2.26 cm) and Shoulder Height (1.80), while TC and CC is almost the same (not different). Program selection on the growth potential of goats can use TT genotype.

PENINGKATAN MUTU GENETIK INDUK DAN CALON INDUK KAMBING PE PROLIFIK MELALUI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN KULIT BUAH KAKAO

Pod husks from waste cocoa crops used as alternative feed goats Peranakan Etawah. This study aims to determine the impact of the pod husks as a feed supplement to increase body size of adult female and parent in preparing for pregnancy. A total of 30 goats were divided into 16 tails dara and 14 breeding, reared intensively for 60 days. Pod husks were feeding as many as 1000-1500 g / head / day. The analysis used the PCR RFLP. The results showed the average growth of Body Lenght for the adult female, the prolific parent and single parent respectively by 1.75, 2:18 and 1:59 cm, while the average increase respectively Shoulder Height 1:49, and 1:12 1.97 cm. The results of the analysis of PCR RFLP GH MspI produced three genotypes, namely TT; TC and CC. Obtained genotype frequencies of TT (0091); TC (0409) and CC (0500). GH MspI gene polymorphism is not associated with the prolific nature, but related with the average increase in body size. It can be seen in the TT genotype showed the average increase Body Lenght (2.26 cm) and Shoulder Height (1.80), while TC and CC is almost the same (not different). Program selection on the growth potential of goats can use TT genotype.

Evolutionary and ecological patterns in body size, shape, and ornamentation in the Jurassic bivalve Chlamys (Chlamys) textoria (Schlotheim, 1820)

Changes in body size have been the subject of numerous palaeontological and neontological studies, but despite several general postulated "rules", the underlying processes controlling them are still incompletely understood, and their broad applicability is debated. Here we utilise morphological and ecological data from the Jurassic marine bivalve <i>Chlamys textoria</i> (Schlotheim, 1820) to analyse spatial and temporal trends in body size and ornamentation. We find: (1) fluctuations in body size during the Jurassic and no support for Cope's rule (the tendency to increase body size over geological time within an individual lineage); (2) a gradual increase in the average height to length ratio of the valves during the Jurassic. In the absence of any obvious adaptive advantage we suggest genetic drift as the causal mechanism; (3) a significantly larger mean body size in mid-palaeolatitudes than in the Jurassic tropics, providing evidence for the validity of Bergmann's rule (the assertion that body mass increases with latitude); and (4) a complex relationship between the number of plicae and the environment, which we explain as an improvement towards camouflaging the shell. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201200002" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.201200002</a>

Spontaneous Mutational Variation for Body Size inCaenorhabditis elegans

We measured the impact of new mutations on genetic variation for body size in two independent sets of C. elegans spontaneous mutation-accumulation (MA) lines, derived from the N2 strain, that had been maintained by selfing for 60 or 152 generations. The two sets of lines gave broadly consistent results. The change of among-line genetic variation between cryopreserved controls and the MA lines implied that broad sense heritability increased by 0.4% per generation. Overall, MA reduced mean body size by ∼0.1% per generation. The genome-wide rate for mutations with detectable effects on size was estimated to be ∼0.0025 per haploid genome per generation, and their mean effects were ∼20%. The proportion of mutations that increase body size was estimated by maximum likelihood to be no more than 20%, suggesting that the amount of mutational variation available for selection for increased size could be quite small. This hypothesis was supported by an artificial selection experiment on adult body size, started from a single highly inbred N2 individual. We observed a strongly asymmetrical response to selection of a magnitude consistent with the input of mutational variance observed in the MA experiment.