Governance instruments for optimising source separation in novel urban water systems: the case of cross-connections in urban water systems

Using the three-phase cooperation model and analysing projects based on their cooperation demands in the planning, implementation and operation phases, this article answers three main questions for each of the above-mentioned phases: (i) How and between which systems do cross-connections occur? (ii) Which actors are involved in those phases? (iii) Who needs to participate in which type of governance to achieve a better, more structured process of cross-connection control? The article refers to the world's largest novel water system in the Chinese city of Qingdao where a Resource Recovery Centre (RRC) providing the treatment of greywater for domestic and landscape reuse for 12,000 inhabitants has been implemented. A systematic interdisciplinary analysis of cross-connections leads to the conclusion that the approach to source separation needs to be complemented by governance instruments. These governance instruments derived from the actors identified by the cooperation management approach comprise processes of deliberation and communication, qualification and certification, final approval and inspection, as well as learning and evaluation.

Enhancing the capacity of oxygen carriers for selective oxidations through phase cooperation: bismuth oxide and ceria–zirconia

Interfacing selective catalysts with oxygen carriers enhances capacity without affecting the surface chemistry, simplifying the design of selective oxygen carriers.

Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking

Radio spectrum underutilization and energy inefficiency become urgent bottleneck problems to the sustainable development of wireless technologies. The research philosophies of wireless communications have been shifted from balancing reliability-efficiency tradeoff in the link level to seeking spectrum-energy efficiency in the network level. Global spectrum-energy efficient designs attract significant attention to improving utilization and efficiency, wherein cognitive radio networks and energy-efficient resource allocation are of particular interests. In this chapter, the authors first provide a systematic study on Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networking (CCRN). As an effort to shed light on addressing spectrum-energy inefficiency at a low complexity, an orthogonal modulation enabled two-phase cooperation framework and an Orthogonally Dual-Polarized Antenna (ODPA) based framework, as well as their resource allocation problems are given and tackled.

Improved low-temperature activity of La–Sr–Co–O nano-composite for CO oxidation by phase cooperation

La0.7–Sr0.3–Co–O nano-composite shows improved catalytic activity to CO oxidation relative to La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 and Co3O4, which is suggested to be due to a synergistic effect induced by the phase cooperation.