Research on the Flight Evolution of Melolontha Melolontha L. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) Species in the Central of Moldavia Conditions, Romania

The cockhafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) is the most widespread and best known bug. It is a polyphagous bug, being harmful both in adulthood and in larva stage. The researches were conducted at Agricultural Research and Development Station (A.R.D.S.) of Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, and followed the evolution of adult flight, during 1993 - 2012 with a light trap help. The gatherings and records were made daily from 1 April to 31 October every year, during the observation period. Dividing the observation period into four stages of five years each, it was found that the largest number of specimens, 38059, was collected in the second stage (1998 - 2002), followed by the third stage (2003 - 2007) with 18167 specimens, first stage with 12173 specimens, and the lowest number of 286 specimens was recorded in the fourth stage (2008 - 2012). The adults flight started in all the years in the second or the third decade of April and lasted until the second or the third decade of May, with the exception of 1995 şi 2009 when he finished in the first decade of June. The average duration of the flight was 39 days. The maximum flight curve was reached, in all years of observation, in the third decade of April and first decade of May. The maximum intensity of flight curves was recorded every three years, as follows: 1994, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012. This shows that, in Secuieni conditions, the insect has one generation at 3 years. Highest intensity of flights has been in the years 2000, when the top flight was conducted by 38059 specimens, 2003 with 13912 specimens/flight and 1997 with 10221 specimens/flight.

The Monarthopalpus Buxi Species Population Dynamics in Cluj County (Romania)

Monarthropalpus buxi (  Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been described for the first time by Rubsaamen in 1982 (Perju et al., 2001). It is a monophagus species developing on Buxus sempenvirens as its dendrological species, which plays host to Monarthropalpus buxi, and is attacked by its larva. The attack is observed on the leaves of Buxus sempenvirens : the larva feeds on the cellular juice of the leaves, which have a goffering aspect, yellow-rusty in color. The objectives of the research regarded establishing the dynamics of flight curve, circadian rhythm, the effectiveness and efficacy of colored panels. The experiment developed along 24 days, starting with April 30, 2012 until May 24, 2012. Sticky panels have been used, in four different colors, placed above Buxus sempenvirens bushes, in one single row, at three different height levels. The first captures have been observed on May 3, 2012. The maximum of flight curve has been registered on May 11, 2012. The last captures have been registered on May 22, 2012. This year, there have been captured as many as 21,984 adults; the greatest number of individuals have been captured on yellow panels, which means 34.74% of the whole Monarthropalpus buxi  population captured in 2012.

The Design and Simulation of Low-Cost and Super-Applicability Flight Control System of Super-Size UAV

In this paper, considering the stability and robustness of the aircraft, the flight control system is designed following the aspect of high flexibility and low cost. Comparing with the flight control system of super-size high-subsonic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the world, the system presented in this paper has adopted the inimitable control technique of flying-off course、low-cost combinatorial navigation strategy and the advanced safety scheme, which can guarantee the performance, degrade the cost and extend the airspace and groundspace of the aircraft.Through quite a few simulations, the results show that this system can guarantee the attitude and altitude stable. The error between the flight path and programming path is very small. Flight curve is prefect; and the system performances can be achieved completely.

Periodism and Energy Summation with Special Reference to Flight Rhythms in Aphids

1. Summer populations of Aphis fabae often show a bimodal flight curve with no flight at night. 2. The teneral period between moulting and flight depends on temperature and can be estimated. 3. Increase in temperature causes the teneral period to shorten and is followed, some time later, by an increase in rate of take-off. 4. This produces the afternoon peak of flight. 5. The morning peak is usually due to aphids which, maturing overnight, accumulate and fly when rising temperature permits. 6. A graphical method is given for constructing flight curves from constant, or observed, moulting rates and the temperature during the teneral period. 7. Population periodicities in which each individual acts only once, are distinguished from individual periodicities in which the same act is repeated by the same individuals. 8. Synchronization is necessary for either type to be evident, and this may be due to rhythmic fluctuations in developmental increments preceding the act, even in short-term periodicities, rather than to behaviour responses. 9. This may apply to rhythms of flight, as in aphids, or of emergence; to seasonal periodic growth of populations in insects; or to populations of cells in regulatory organs.