Evaluation of Selected Flavonoids for the Anthelmintic and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Activity using Animal Models

Most fruits and vegetables contain flavonoids, a type of phytonutrient. As well as carotenoids, they're responsible for fruits and vegetable brilliant hues. Some other phytonutrients such as flavonoids are strong antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and immune properties. There are many flavonoids, including anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. Quercetin and chrysin were chosen for the investigation. Humans and other animals can contract Helminthiasis (helminthiases), sometimes known as worm infection. Tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes are only a few of the parasites that exist. Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to treat spasticity caused by upper motor neuron syndromes and muscle discomfort or musculoskeletal spasms created by peripheral disturbances. Samples of quercetin and chrysin were generated in the presence of 0.5% SCMC suspension at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/ml, and then analyzed. To keep track of photocell beam disruptions, a six-digit counter was utilized (locomotor activity). It was time to turn on the actophotometer and examine the locomotor behavior of each rat for five minutes. The basal activity levels of all the animals were recorded. Keywords: Flavonoids, Anthelmintic, Skeletal Muscle relaxant, animal models

Behavioral Toxicology of Volatile Organic Solvents. IV. Comparisons of the Rate-Decreasing Effects of Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene, and Carbon Disulfide on Schedule-Controlled Behavior of Mice

The effects of acetone (ACE), ethyl acetate (EAC), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene (TOL), and carbon disulfide (CS2) were compared on schedule-controlled responding of mice. Responding (the interruption of a photocell beam located behind a nose-poke hole) was maintained under a fixed interval (FI) 60-second schedule of milk presentation in a sealed inhalation chamber. Cumulative concentration-effect functions were obtained by increasing the concentration of each solvent within the chamber, at 30-minute intervals until responding was abolished. Responding was assessed again 30 minutes after the termination of exposures to levels that abolished responding, to assess the extent of recovery. TOL, CS2, and ACE slightly increased rates of responding at lower concentrations. Each solvent decreased responding in a concentration-related manner at higher concentrations, with responding being decreased 50% by 10,694 ppm ACE, 594 ppm EAC, 2891 ppm MEK, 1784 ppm TOL, and 2242 ppm CS2. Responding recovered 30 minutes after exposures completely for ACE, EAC, and MEK, approximately 75% for TOL, but not at all for CS2. These data suggest that the acute behavioral toxicity of EAC, relative to that found for the other solvents, may be greater than that reflected in current threshold limit values (TLV).

Estrous Cycle and Temporal Pattern of Feeding in Female Rats

The effects of the estrous cycle and access to running wheels on the pattern of feeding were studied in 24 female albino rats using two methods, an indirect method (photocell beam interruption) and a direct observation of feeding. Although aspects of feeding differed with the method, the following results obtained with both methods. A minimum in the number of bursts of feeding and to a lesser extent the duration of bursts of feeding occurred in estrus. The estrous cycle and access-to-running wheel conditions interacted in affecting the organization of bursts into longer meal-taking periods. The results were considered consistent with the notion that estrus raises the threshold of feeding as a response to stimuli.