Effects of the Nuclear Equation of State on Type I X-Ray Bursts: Interpretation of the X-Ray Bursts from GS 1826–24

Type I X-ray bursts are thermonuclear explosions on the neutron star (NS) surface caused by mass accretion from a companion star. Observations of X-ray bursts provide valuable information on X-ray binary systems, e.g., binary parameters, the chemical composition of accreted matter, and the nuclear equation of state (EOS). There have been several theoretical studies to constrain the physics of X-ray bursters. However, they have mainly focused on the burning layers above the solid crust of the NS, which brings up issues of the treatment of NS gravitational and internal energy. In this study, focusing on the microphysics inside NSs, we calculate a series of X-ray bursts using a general-relativistic stellar-evolution code with several NS EOSs. We compare the X-ray-burst models with the burst parameters of a clocked burster associated with GS 1826–24. We find a monotonic correlation between the NS radius and the light-curve profile. A larger radius shows a higher recurrence time and a large peak luminosity. In contrast, the dependence of light curves on the NS mass becomes more complicated, where neutrino cooling suppresses the efficiency of nuclear ignition. We also constrain the EOS and mass of GS 1826–24, i.e., stiffer EOSs, corresponding to larger NS radii, are not preferred due to a too-high peak luminosity. The EOS and the cooling and heating of NSs are important to discuss the theoretical and observational properties of X-ray bursts.

Efficient Planning and Solving Algorithm of S -Shape Acceleration and Deceleration

S -shape acceleration and deceleration are the most widely used flexible acceleration and deceleration method in the current CNC system, but its velocity solution equation contains irrational terms, which create a more complicated solution process. When analyzing the solution process of the S -shape acceleration and deceleration directly, using a traditional numerical solution method, the phenomenon of “solving the interval jump” arises, which is the main reason for low efficiency and poor stability of the solution. According to the S -curve profile and solution, the concept of separating the curve profile recognition from the velocity solution was proposed, and a method of quickly identifying the interval of the solution location was introduced. Through the method mentioned above, the complete acceleration and deceleration curve parameters can be obtained through a one-time plan and a one-time solution, and the solution efficiency and stability are guaranteed; solving the Newton problem depends too much on the initial value of Newton velocity, which not only retains the speed advantage of the Newton method but also uses the downhill factor to ensure its convergence. Through the simulation comparison and analysis, the efficiency, stability, and universality of the method are verified.

Investigation of Mechanical Integrity of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Batteries With Various State of Charge

The crush safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has recently become one of the hottest topics as the electric vehicle (EV) market is growing rapidly. In this study, mechanical properties of prismatic lithium-ion batteries under compression loading are investigated. Batteries with different values of state of charge (SOC) under different loading directions are compared. Results show LIB cells with different SOCs under same loading direction exhibit similar response curve profile, however, the load capacities of LIBs can be influenced by SOCs. The stiffness and stress have approximately linear relationship with the SOC values. Based on experimental results, finite element models are established which can predict the mechanical properties of prismatic LIBs. The proposed models can be utilized to evaluate the crush behaviors of LIBs, providing guidance for electric vehicle safety design.

A micromagnetic study: lateral size dependence of the macroscopic properties of rectangular parallelepiped Cobalt-ferrite nanoferromagnetic

<span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this study is to provide systematic information through micromagnetic simulations related to the impact of particle size on the magnetic characteristics of Cobalt-ferrite MNP. The micromagnetic computations performed were based on LLG equation. The MNPs sample was simulated in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a thickness of 20 nm and square surface with lateral length varies from 10 to 80 nm at an interval of 10 nm. </span><span lang="EN-ID">The results of this study indicate that the size changes in Cobalt-ferrite MNP have a significant impact on various magnetic properties, such as the magnitude of the barrier energy, coercive and nucleation fields, magnetization rate, magnetization curve profile, and magnetization mode.</span><span lang="EN-ID">Cobalt-ferrite MNP with a size of 10 nm shows a single domain with a relatively short magnetization reversal time and high coercive field.</span>