Ratio of flavour non-singlet and singlet scalar density renormalisation parameters in $$N_\mathrm {f}=3$$ QCD with Wilson quarks

We determine non-perturbatively the normalisation factor $$r_{\mathrm{m}}\equiv Z_{\mathrm{S}}/Z_{\mathrm{S}}^{0}$$ r m ≡ Z S / Z S 0 , where $$Z_{\mathrm{S}}$$ Z S and $$Z_{\mathrm{S}}^{0}$$ Z S 0 are the renormalisation parameters of the flavour non-singlet and singlet scalar densities, respectively. This quantity is required in the computation of quark masses with Wilson fermions and for instance the renormalisation of nucleon matrix elements of scalar densities. Our calculation involves simulations of finite-volume lattice QCD with the tree-level Symanzik-improved gauge action, $$N_{\mathrm{f}}= 3$$ N f = 3 mass-degenerate $${\mathrm{O}}(a)$$ O ( a ) improved Wilson fermions and Schrödinger functional boundary conditions. The slope of the current quark mass, as a function of the subtracted Wilson quark mass is extracted both in a unitary setup (where nearly chiral valence and sea quark masses are degenerate) and in a non-unitary setup (where all valence flavours are chiral and the sea quark masses are small). These slopes are then combined with $$Z \equiv Z_{\mathrm{P}}/(Z_{\mathrm{S}}Z_{\mathrm{A}})$$ Z ≡ Z P / ( Z S Z A ) in order to obtain $$r_{\mathrm{m}}$$ r m . A novel chiral Ward identity is employed for the calculation of the normalisation factor Z. Our results cover the range of gauge couplings corresponding to lattice spacings below $$0.1\,$$ 0.1 fm, for which $$N_{\mathrm{f}}= 2+1$$ N f = 2 + 1 QCD simulations in large volumes with the same lattice action are typically performed.

Higher-Order Functional Discontinuous Boundary Value Problems on the Half-Line

In this paper, we consider a discontinuous, fully nonlinear, higher-order equation on the half-line, together with functional boundary conditions, given by general continuous functions with dependence on the several derivatives and asymptotic information on the (n−1)th derivative of the unknown function. These functional conditions generalize the usual boundary data and allow other types of global assumptions on the unknown function and its derivatives, such as nonlocal, integro-differential, infinite multipoint, with maximum or minimum arguments, among others. Considering the half-line as the domain carries on a lack of compactness, which is overcome with the definition of a space of weighted functions and norms, and the equiconvergence at ∞. In the last section, an example illustrates the applicability of our main result.

Nontrivial Solutions of Systems of Perturbed Hammerstein Integral Equations with Functional Terms

We discuss the solvability of a fairly general class of systems of perturbed Hammerstein integral equations with functional terms that depend on several parameters. The nonlinearities and the functionals are allowed to depend on the components of the system and their derivatives. The results are applicable to systems of nonlocal second order ordinary differential equations subject to functional boundary conditions, this is illustrated in an example. Our approach is based on the classical fixed point index.

Positive solutions of systems of perturbed Hammerstein integral equations with arbitrary order dependence

Motivated by the study of systems of higher-order boundary value problems with functional boundary conditions, we discuss, by topological methods, the solvability of a fairly general class of systems of perturbed Hammerstein integral equations, where the nonlinearities and the functionals involved depend on some derivatives. We improve and complement earlier results in the literature. We also provide some examples in order to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Topological degree and fixed point theories in differential and difference equations’.

Nonzero Positive Solutions of Elliptic Systems with Gradient Dependence and Functional BCs

We discuss, by topological methods, the solvability of systems of second-order elliptic differential equations subject to functional boundary conditions under the presence of gradient terms in the nonlinearities. We prove the existence of nonnegative solutions and provide a non-existence result. We present some examples to illustrate the applicability of the existence and non-existence results.

Ward identity determination of $$Z_{\mathrm {S}}/Z_{\mathrm {P}}$$ for $$N_{\mathrm {f}}=3$$ lattice QCD in a Schrödinger functional setup

We derive chiral Ward identities for lattice QCD with Wilson quarks and $$N_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 3$$Nf≥3 flavours, on small lattices with Schrödinger functional boundary conditions and vanishingly small quark masses. These identities relate the axial variation of the non-singlet pseudoscalar density to the scalar one, thus enabling the non-perturbative determination of the scale-independent ratio $$Z_{\mathrm {S}}/Z_{\mathrm {P}}$$ZS/ZP of the renormalisation parameters of these operators. We obtain results for $$N_{\mathrm{f}}=3$$Nf=3 QCD with tree-level Symanzik-improved gluons and Wilson-Clover quarks, for bare gauge couplings which cover the typical range of large-volume $$N_{\mathrm{f}}= 2+1$$Nf=2+1 simulations with Wilson fermions at lattice spacings below $$0.1\,$$0.1fm. The precision of our results varies from 0.3 to 1%, except for the coarsest lattice, where it is 2%. We discuss how the $$Z_{\mathrm {S}}/Z_{\mathrm {P}}$$ZS/ZP ratio can be used in the non-perturbative calculations of $${\mathrm {O}}(a)$$O(a) improved renormalised quark masses.

First Order Coupled Systems With Functional and Periodic Boundary Conditions: Existence Results and Application to an SIRS Model

The results presented in this paper deal with the existence of solutions of a first order fully coupled system of three equations, and they are split in two parts: 1. Case with coupled functional boundary conditions, and 2. Case with periodic boundary conditions. Functional boundary conditions, which are becoming increasingly popular in the literature, as they generalize most of the classical cases and in addition can be used to tackle global conditions, such as maximum or minimum conditions. The arguments used are based on the Arzèla Ascoli theorem and Schauder’s fixed point theorem. The existence results are directly applied to an epidemic SIRS (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible) model, with global boundary conditions.