Lymphadenopathy

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures generally a few millimetres in size, distributed widely throughout the body and assuming a major role in the immune system. Peripheral lymph nodes are not normally palpable except in thin individuals. Enlargement of lymph nodes is called lymphadenopathy. It is important to distinguish between reactive lymphadenopathy, which is usually an appropriate response to infection or inflammation, and malignant or neoplastic lymphadenopathy.

Caracterización de la calidad tecnológica y nutricional, de variedades mejoradas y criollas de frijol negro tropical (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

With the objective of characterizing the technological and nutritional quality of improved varieties of the tropical black bean, released by the INIFAP in the humid tropics, this study took place in the Cotaxtla and La Posta Experimental Fields. It included the tropical varieties: Jamapa, Negro Huasteco-81, Negro Veracruz, Negro Cotaxtla-91, Negro Tacana, and two local creole varieties: “Arbolito” and “Palito”. We performed the quantification for humidity (%), weight (g), size (mL), head (%), water absorption (%), cooking time (min) (Mattson and Sensorial methods), cooking rate (%), broth thickness, protein (%), crude fiber (%), fats (%), dissolved carbohidrates (%), triptofane (g/100 g of protein), germination (%), myco-flora (%). The improved varieties presented very good technological quality; they were characterized by materials of small bean, soft and bland; they had very similar cooking times and a cooking rate of > 47 %, characteristic of recently harvested beans. They provided a light broth. They all had very good nutritional quality and the Negro Veracruz was the one with the largest protein content (27%), and Negro Tacana, with the best concentration of triptofane (1.27 g/ 100 g of protein). The seed quality was very good and the best one was Negro Veracruz with a 99% of germination rate, and Negro Cotaxtla-91 with only 10% of myco-flora.

Badania możliwości stosowania norflurazonu do zwalczania Agropyron repens (L.) CZQSC II. Wrażliwość niektórych roślin uprawnych na norflurazon [Effect of Norflurazon in weed control. P. II. Sensitivity of several cultivated plant species to Norflurazon]

The sensitivity of several cultivated plants to Norflurazon was tested. Lupine and field pea appeared to be most tolerant – sugar beet and small bean less tolerant. Spring wheat, winter rape, and potatoes were sensitive to this herbicide. The nontolerant plants have shown growth inhibition, sharp drop of pigment content and changes of chloroplast structure.

Assessing genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow in the Korean red bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] using SSR markers

Red bean, also known as azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], belongs to a group of legumes (family Fabaceae). The name azuki is a transliteration of the native Japanese name from the Chinese word Shōzu, which means small bean. In Korea, it is known as pat. In total, 178 red bean accessions were taken to analyse the genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow using 39 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 431 alleles were detected, with an average of 11 alleles per locus, among the 178 tested red bean accessions. Forty-six specific alleles were identified with 20 loci. Locus CEDG090 had the highest number (n = 22) of alleles, whereas only two alleles were observed at loci CEDG144 and CEDC018. The proportion of different alleles for microsatellite loci was analysed using a microsatellite toolkit. In locus CEDG029, one allele was shared in all the three groups of varieties and species, and three alleles were shared between the wild ancestors and cultivated varieties, while in locus CEDG090, one allele was shared in all the three groups and 12 alleles were shared between the wild ancestors and cultivated varieties. Our findings describe the genetic relationships and population structure of the red bean in Korea and will be useful for designing effective breeding programmes and broadening the genetic base of commercial varieties. Moreover, the results demonstrate substantial gene flow from the red bean to nearby wild relatives in a given region.

The identity of cryptomorphite and ginorite

Henry How, professor of chemistry and natural history in the University of King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, described in 1861 the occurrence of a new calcium sodium borate, which he named cryptomorphite from the microscopic size of the crystals. The mineral was found in narrow seams of mirabilite (glauber-salt) at the junction of anhydrite and gypsum in Clinton quarry, Windsor, where he had also discovered ulexite in 1857. The cryptomorphite occurred as inclusions about the size of a small bean, between the gypsum and crystals of mirabilite.