Impact of Inorganic Metal (Ag, Cu) Nanoparticles on the Quality of Seeds and Dried Rapeseed Sprouts

The present study focuses on the impact of copper and silver nanoparticles on the chemical composition and physical properties of rapeseeds and rape sprouts. The seeds and sprouts were obtained from winter rape grown in a three-year cultivation (2018–2020) treated with silver (AgNP) and copper (CuNP) nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of the freeze-drying temperature (20; 40; 60 °C) on selected properties of the sprouts was studied. Spraying growing plants with nanoparticles resulted, in most cases, and depending on the year, in a reduction in the mass of seeds (MTS) by 9.5% (single nanoparticles spray ×1 CuNP in 2018), an increase in the fat content (by 8.80% for ×1 CuNP in 2018), a reduction in the protein content (by 12.93% for ×1 CuNP in 2018) and flavonoid content (by up to 58% for ×1 AgNP and CuNP in 2018), as well as increase in the glucosinolates content by 25% (for double nanoparticles spray ×2 AgNP in 2019). For the sprouts obtained from the rapeseeds, in most cases, a decrease in the content of flavonoids was observed (26.68% for ×1 AgNP; 20 °C in 2018), depending on the year of cultivation, the nanoparticles used, and the drying temperature. The obtained results remain inconclusive, which encourages the authors to undertake further research.

Parameters of the optimal plant density of winter rape for successful overwintering in the Non-Chernozem zone

To obtain high yields of winter rapeseed seeds in the Non-Chernozem zone, it is necessary to provide conditions for good wintering. The studies were carried out in order to establish the optimal plant density of the zoned variety Severyanin. It was found that when sowing in rows with a row spacing of 25 cm, winter rape plants develop better, form a rosette of leaves with a lower location of the growing point, form a smaller amount of aboveground mass per unit of roots, which increases the safety of plants in winter by 2.5-4.3%. period under extreme conditions. The study of the dynamics of the plant density of winter rapeseed at different seeding rates showed that during the growing season, self-thinning of cenosis occurs. On average, over the years of research, plants overwintered better in variants with a lower stand density. With an increase in the seeding rate, the completeness of seedlings, the safety of plants in the autumn period, overwintering and the safety of plants in the year of harvesting for seeds decreased. The most optimal conditions for the preservation of plants for harvesting are provided at low seeding rates: with a row sowing with a row spacing of 25 cm with a seeding rate of 0.7-1.0 million pieces / ha, with an inter-row sowing (row spacing of 25 cm) - 0.5 million pcs / ha of germinating seeds: With the over-row sowing, the safety of plants for harvesting was higher than with the row method by 9-25%.

Impact of different tillage on soil physical properties, CO2 emissions and winter oilseed rape yield

The investigation presents data on winter rape agrocenosis productivity, soil physical properties, and CO2 metabolism intensity using different tillages. The object of the research is the winter rape (Brassica napus L.) crop using different tillages. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effects of different tillages and direct sowing on winter oilseed rape, soil physical properties and CO2 emissions. Methods of analysis. The studies have been carried out in accordance with established procedures. The methods used to apply the Stationary Single Factor Field Experiment were installed at the Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station in 1988. The study factor is tillage systems: normal deep pruning at a depth of 23–25 cm in autumn (DP), control; shallow pruning at a depth of 12 to 15 cm in autumn (SP); deep loosening at a depth of 8 to 10 cm in autumn (DL); shallow loosening 13–25 cm (SL); direct seeding with cultivation up to 5 cm (NT). Results. For a long time, direct seeding into the stubble (with cultivation up to 5 cm) increases the resistance of the soil shear. During the whole investigation period, a lower CO2 concentration was observed in shallow loosening and direct seeding fields. Simplified tillages did not have a significant impact on the yields of winter rape.

Genes with Cold Shock Domain from Eutrema salsugineum (Pall.) for Generating a Cold Stress Tolerance in Winter Rape (Brassica napus L.) Plants

The increased demand in vegetable oil for food purposes and high-protein feed for livestock and poultry encourages producers to expand the production of various oil crops, while occupying rather cold agroclimatic zones. Improved cold and frost resistance of cultivated crops would significantly increase the yield and expand the range of rape cultivation in a number of cold climate regions. Nine transgenic lines of winter rape containing genes encoding proteins with a cold shock domain (CspA и EsCSDP3) were obtained as a result of Agrobacterium transformation. In total, 260 explants were involved in transformation of rape using pBI121-CSPA-plant, with a transformation efficiency of 2.3%; among 750 explants using the pBI-EsCSDP3 construction, the efficiency was 0.4%. As a result of the studies, it was shown that the expression of the new gene Escsdp3 from the plant of Eutrema salsugineum was able to increase the cold and frost resistance of plants as effectively as the cspa gene from E. coli, which is classically used for this purpose. The cold resistance analysis of T1 transgenic plants generation revealed four cold resistant winter rape lines (three lines with the cspA-plant gene and one line with the Escsdp3 gene). The transfer of Escsdp3 and cspA-plant genes into winter rape plants led to a significant increase in frost resistance of plants. Two winter rapeseed lines were resistant to freezing (with the cspA-plant gene and with the Escsdp3 gene). Non-hardened transgenic plants remained viable after 24 h of exposure to negative temperatures up to −5 °C, and plants that passed through the hardening stage survived after freezing at −16 °C.

Winter Rapeseed in the Autumn and Spring Growing Seasons in the Republic of Ingushetia

This article examines the varieties and effectiveness of fertilizers for winter rapeseed, the dynamics of the production process of crops at different sowing times, and the influence on the yield of oilseed fertilization of crops, the green mass of which was used for feed in the autumn growing season. The study and optimization of the assortment, research and development of technologies for growing highly productive crops of winter rapeseed is crucial. In this article, the authors summarize the literature and substantiate new directions for the use of winter rape crops for green fodder and oilseeds in different countries and regions of the Russian Federation. The article studies three domestic varieties of the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds named after academician V.S. Pustovoit and one variety of foreign selection. The article identifies the dynamics of biomass accumulation and changes in the morphometric parameters of winter rape plants in the autumn growing season, depending on the timing of sowing. It also studies the productivity and quality of the green mass of winter rape and the possibility of using it for forage purposes. It discusses the yield of winter rape oilseeds, in which the green mass was used in the fall of the sowing year. It also determines the economic efficiency of cultivating the same crops of winter rape used for green mass in the fall and for oilseeds in the spring growing season. Keywords: winter rapeseed, fertilizers, green mass, oil seeds, vegetation, varieties

Improving resistance to salt stress by endophytic bacteria in winter rape plants

As a result of laboratory experiments to study the induction of systemic resistance in winter rape plants under conditions of salt stress, it was found that treatment of plants with endophytic bacterial strains 12 (isolated from corn grain), R13 (isolated from triticale roots) and 22 (isolated from rye roots) significantly increases the survival rate, length and weight of plant shoots. The selected endophytic strains are promising for the creation of a phytoprotective bacterial biological preparation on their basis.

Evaluation of the competitiveness of corn for grain and rapeseed of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of the methodical approach to the calculation of the integrated index of product competitiveness and assessment of the level of competitiveness of corn for grain, winter rape seeds and colza of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. Methodology of research. The following methods are used in the research process: analysis and synthesis - to study the indicators of cultivation and sale of corn for grain, winter rape and colza in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine; abstract and logical - for formulation of conclusions and generalizations; cartographic - to analyse the competitiveness index of maize for grain, winter rape and colza. Findings. A set of indicators for calculating the integrated index of competitiveness of the studied crops: yield, sales price of 1 quintal of production, total cost of production, sales, market share, profit per 1 quintal of sales, profit per 1 ha of sown area, marketability level, level profitability of production. The competitiveness of corn for grain, winter rape and colza grown by agricultural enterprises in the context of the regions of Ukraine was assessed. A scale for assessing the competitiveness of corn for grain, winter rape and colza was developed. Originality. A method for assessing the level of competitiveness of corn for grain, winter rape and colza, on the basis of which it is possible to form effective ways to increase it, is proposed. Practical value. The proposed methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of corn for grain, winter rape and colza of agricultural enterprises allows to analyse and substantiate the results from large data sets, take into account the impact of stimulants and destimulators of selected traits on the final result, combine and use criteria and indicators . Key words: corn for grain, rapeseed, colza, assessment of product competitiveness, integrated competitiveness index, agricultural enterprises.