scholarly journals Badania możliwości stosowania norflurazonu do zwalczania Agropyron repens (L.) CZQSC II. Wrażliwość niektórych roślin uprawnych na norflurazon [Effect of Norflurazon in weed control. P. II. Sensitivity of several cultivated plant species to Norflurazon]

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Stanisław Karczmarczyk ◽  
Irena Zabieć
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Small Bean

The sensitivity of several cultivated plants to Norflurazon was tested. Lupine and field pea appeared to be most tolerant – sugar beet and small bean less tolerant. Spring wheat, winter rape, and potatoes were sensitive to this herbicide. The nontolerant plants have shown growth inhibition, sharp drop of pigment content and changes of chloroplast structure.

scholarly journals Fruiting phenology of some weed species in sowing of chosen cultivar plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Cultivated Plant

In the paper, the percentage shares of the phases of fruiting and diaspore shedding of some weed species during fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean harvest are presented. The results of the study were gathered in the years 2000-2003 on river alluvial soil made from light loam. The experimental scheme included mechanical and chemical control of the cultivated plants. On weed-free objects treated with herbicides, the following herbicides were used: fodder beet - Buracyl 80 WP (lenacyl 80%) in dose 1 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>; spring wheat - Chwastox Turbo 340 SL (MCPA + dicamba) in dose 2l.ha<sup>-1</sup>; faba-bean - Afalon (linuron 50%) in dose 1,5 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Phenological observations were carried out at 10-day intervals beginning from the day of sowing the cultivated plant. It was proven that weeds had the most favourable conditions of fruiting and seed shedding in fodder beet and faba bean. Fruiting and shedding of most weed species were limited by herbicides, as well as cold years. The following weed species: fodder beet without herbicides - <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>, <i>Chenopodium polyspermum</i>, <i>Anagallis arvensis</i> i <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i>; fodder beet with herbicides - <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Lamium purpureum</i> i <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i>; spring wheat without herbicides - <i>Capsella bursa</i>-<i>pastoris</i> i <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i>; spring wheat with herbicides - <i>Avena fatua</i>; faba been without herbicides - <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Anagallis arvensis</i> i <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>; faba been with herbicides - <i>Galium aparine</i>, shed diaspores in the greatest degree.

CONVISO® SMART – an innovative approach of weed control in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegener ◽  
Natalie Balgheim ◽  
Maik Klie ◽  
Carsten Stibbe ◽  
Bernd Holtschulte
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Bayer Cropscience ◽  
Als Inhibitor

KWS SAAT SE and Bayer CropScience AG are jointly developing and commercializing an innovative system of weed control in sugar beet for the global market under the name of CONVISO SMART. The technology is based on the breeding of sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to herbicides of the ALS-inhibitor-class with a broad-spectrum weed control. This will give farmers a new opportunity to make sugar beet cultivation easier, more flexible in its timing and more efficient. The use of CONVISO, as new herbicide in sugar beet, will make it possible to control major weeds with low dose rates of product and reduced number of applications in the future. The tolerance is based on a change in the enzyme acetholactate synthase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. This variation can occur spontaneously during cell division. During the development, sugar beets with this spontaneously changed enzyme were specifically selected and used for further breeding of CONVISO SMART cultivars. As such, these varieties are not a product of genetic modification. Field studies with CONVISO SMART hybrids showed complete crop selectivity and a broad and reliable efficacy against a large range of major weeds. The bio-dossier for an EU-wide registration of CONVISO was submitted in April in 2015. The variety inscription process is in preparation in different countries. The system CONVISO SMART is scheduled to be available to farmers in 2018 at the earliest.

Risks of post-emergence weed control strategies in sugar beet: development and application of a bio-economic model

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J de Buck ◽  
H.B Schoorlemmer ◽  
G.A.A Wossink ◽  
S.R.M Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Control Strategies

Weed control in sugar beet with single and split applications of herbicides

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The West ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Residual Herbicide

SummaryRecent developments in chemical weed control in sugar beet have been reviewed. Two main approaches to the problem of providing reliable season-long control of annual weeds in sugar beet are, (a) the use of mixtures of herbicides applied pre-planting and incorporated into the soil during seed bed preparation, and (b) the use of split applications with a residual herbicide applied pre-emergence followed by a contact herbicide applied post-emergence.The second approach (b) was examined in a series of field experiments from 1967 to 1969, on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands. Comparisons were made between pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon, pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon followed by post-emergence application of phenmedipham, and post-emergence application of phenmedipham for weed control in sugar beet.Under dry soil conditions in April 1967, lenacil and pyrazon controlled only about 40% of the annual weeds, but in 1968 and 1969, when moist soil conditions predominated in April and May, lenacil and pyrazon controlled 80–95% of the annual weeds.Phenmedipham applied post-emergence gave about 90% control of annual broadleaved weeds initially, but it seemed unlikely that a single application of this herbicide would provide satisfactory weed control in sugar beet.In each of the 3 years 1967–9, a split application of a soil-acting residual herbicide (pro-emergence) followed by phenmedipham (post-emergence) gave outstanding weed control and enabled sugar beet to be established and grown until mid-June at least, in a near weed-free environment. It was concluded that this technique was the most effective for weed control in sugar beet on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands.

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF MAJOR PHYTOCHEMICALS OF SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, A MEDICINAL PLANT FROM NEPAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Phoboo ◽  
Marcia Da Silva Pinto ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha ◽  
Kalidas Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Swertia Chirayita ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Swertia chirayita is an important medicinal plant from Nepal with anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory potential and used in therapeutic herbal preparations in parts of South Asia. The main phytochemicals in crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different plant parts of Swertia chirayita collected from nine different districts of Nepal representing West, East and Central Nepal were quantified using HPLC/DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection). The quantities of these phytochemicals were also compared between wild and cultivated plant parts of Swertia chirayita. Amarogentin, mangiferin, swertiamarin were the main phytochemicals in all extracts. The highest quantity of all the three phytochemicals was found in IL (inflorescence and leaf mixture) of all the collected plants samples. There was no significant difference in the amounts of these three phytochemicals between extracts from wild and cultivated plants. The result from this study substantiates the validity of cultivated Swertia chirayita for medicinal purposes and trade.Key words:  Swertia chirayita; HPLC/DAD; Wild; Cultivated; Phytochemicals; Quantification; Mangiferin; Swertiamarin; AmarogentinDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4118EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 17, 2010Page: 59-68Uploaded date: 3 January, 2011

scholarly journals Carbon sequestration in the agroecosystem

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Jaroslav Rožnovský
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Tillage System

Reduction of amount CO2 is possible by carbon sequestration to the soil. Fixation potential of EU–15 agricultural land is c. 16–19 mil t C . year−1. Amount and composition of post–harvest residues is essential for carbon soil sequestration. Long–term yield series of the most planted crops (winter wheat – Triticum aestivum, spring barley – Hordeum vulgare, corn and silage maize – Zea mays, winter rape – Brassica napus, potatoes – Solanum tuberosum, sugar beet – Beta vulgaris, alfalfa – Medicago sativa, red clover – Trifolium pratense, white mustard – Sinapis alba and fiddleneck – Phacelia tanacetifolia) in various agroecological conditions and growing technologies were used for carbon balance calculation. The carbon balances were calculated for main crop rotations of maize, sugar beet, cereal and potato production regions (24 crop rotations). The calculations were realized for following planting varieties: traditional, commercial, ecological and with higher rate of winter rape. All chosen crop rotations (except seven) have positive carbon balance in the tillage system. Amount of fixed carbon might be increases about 30% by the use of no–tillage system. Least amount of carbon is fixed by potatoes, high amount by cereals, alfalfa and sugar beet. For a short time (months) the crops sequestration of carbon is relatively high (to 4.4 t . ha−1 . year−1) or to 5.7 t . ha−1 . year−1 for no–tillage system. From the long time viewpoint (tens of years) the data of humified carbon in arable soil (max 400 kg C . ha−1 . year−1) are important. Maximal carbon deficit of chosen crop rotation is 725 kg C . year−1.

scholarly journals PERANAN TUMBUHAN LIAR DALAM KONSERVASI SERANGGA PENYERBUK ORDO HYMENOPTERA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Erniwati Erniwati ◽  
Sih Kahono
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Dry Seasons

The role of the wild plants in relation to the conservation of the Indonesian insectpollinators was studied at several areas of Java. Three of direct observationmethods were applied: study of biodiversity and observation on the wild flowersand the insect pollinators as well, and the behaviour of the insects. The flowersof wild plants were relatively smaller and paler in colour, however they were moreattractive to insect pollinators than cultivated plants. Flowering time of the wildplants was mostly during wet seasons, contrary to that of the cultivated plantswhich was mostly during dry seasons. Our observation indicated that these wildplants are the food resources of insect pollinators during wet seasons. Observationdata support the importance of wild plants to supply food to insect pollinatorsduring wet seasons. Management of wild and cultivated plant environments isnecessary to conserve insect pollinators.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the design parameters for the working body of a row cultivator

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Zykin ◽  
Svetlana Lazutkina
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

The authors of the article propose the design of a row cultivator, equipped with combined working bodies, which makes it possible to carry out inter-row weed control in one pass with full cultivation of the protective zones of grown crops. The soil drop distance and the distance between the flat discs located in the adjacent gangs of the row cultivator for thorough covering weed plants with a layer of soilwithout damage to cultivated plants have been substantiated theoretically.

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