Revealing the Toxicity of Chlorate Through the Analysis of Molecular Interaction using Viscosity Measurements and Apparent Molar Volumes

While chlorate has the ability to induce flowering in longan, it also has adverse impacts on the crop. Revealing the toxicity of chlorate in the environment is more than just about the environment and about human health, as well.Because of the large introduction of this chemical into the environment from the paper processing industry, there is indeed a lot of concern about its toxicity. Chlorate toxicology in the longan plant has been thoroughly investigated in solutions using viscosities and apparent molar volumes. The hydration of molecules and volume changes are involved in various chemical and biological processes in plant tissues, and their complete understanding demands a good idea for volumetric and viscometric study. It offers good data acquisition techniques for solute, solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. Multi-component systems containing KClO3+ water + ionic solid (ionic solids = KCl, KNO3 ,NH4NO3 and KH2PO4, are currently being worked out to study the dependence of transport properties of potassium chlorate in aqueous electrolyte solutions, with concentrations and temperature of solutions. The assessed kd values are used to predict whether the solvolysis of KClO3 in the presence of other electrolytes is a quick or slow process.

Modified Born-Lande Equation to calculate Lattice Energy in a theoretical approach

Defects in ionic solid are very much common, which is increased with the rise in temperature. It causes the change in the value of many physical properties and varieties of physical parameters and the Lattice Energy is one such parameter to control the physical properties of the crystals. Considering the loss of ions from lattice points as random, the examination of each of the defects individually is going to be unpredictable, thus leading to almost nonattainment of the correct crystal structure with the theoretical calculations applying for available models. Here, in this present work, we have used some statistical methods and probabilistic approximation to introduce a novel idea of calculating the Madelung constant, and then Lattice Energy analytically. To make the understanding more lucid, we have taken one of the very common crystals, very popular in the crystallographic community, NaCl crystal having 6:6 co-ordination number, for which a significant number of Schottky defects are observed. During this study, we are bound to assume the random distribution of defects as Poisson distribution due to the fact that the number of defects is very less with respect to the total numbers of lattice points present in the crystal to calculate the Madelung Constant.

Coexistence of resistance oscillations and the anomalous metal phase in a lithium intercalated TiSe2 superconductor

Superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) appear in the phase diagram of a variety of materials including the high-Tc cuprate family and many transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Their interplay may give rise to exotic quantum phenomena. Here, we show that superconducting arrays can spontaneously form in TiSe2–a TMD with coexisting superconductivity and CDW—after lithium ion intercalation. We induce a superconducting dome in the phase diagram of LixTiSe2 by using the ionic solid-state gating technique. Around optimal doping, we observe magnetoresistance oscillations, indicating the emergence of periodically arranged domains. In the same temperature, magnetic field and carrier density regime where the resistance oscillations occur, we observe signatures for the anomalous metal—a state with a resistance plateau across a wide temperature range below the superconducting transition. Our study not only sheds further insight into the mechanism for the periodic electronic structure, but also reveals the interplay between the anomalous metal and superconducting fluctuations.