Revealing the Toxicity of Chlorate Through the Analysis of Molecular Interaction using Viscosity Measurements and Apparent Molar Volumes

While chlorate has the ability to induce flowering in longan, it also has adverse impacts on the crop. Revealing the toxicity of chlorate in the environment is more than just about the environment and about human health, as well.Because of the large introduction of this chemical into the environment from the paper processing industry, there is indeed a lot of concern about its toxicity. Chlorate toxicology in the longan plant has been thoroughly investigated in solutions using viscosities and apparent molar volumes. The hydration of molecules and volume changes are involved in various chemical and biological processes in plant tissues, and their complete understanding demands a good idea for volumetric and viscometric study. It offers good data acquisition techniques for solute, solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. Multi-component systems containing KClO3+ water + ionic solid (ionic solids = KCl, KNO3 ,NH4NO3 and KH2PO4, are currently being worked out to study the dependence of transport properties of potassium chlorate in aqueous electrolyte solutions, with concentrations and temperature of solutions. The assessed kd values are used to predict whether the solvolysis of KClO3 in the presence of other electrolytes is a quick or slow process.

Density and Viscosity of LiCl, LiBr, LiI and Kcl in Aqueous Methanol at 313.15K

The densities and viscosities of electrolytes are essential to understand many physicochemical processes that are taking place in the solution. In the present research, the densities and viscosities of lithium halides, LiX (X = Cl, Br, I ) and KCl in (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100) mass % of methanol + water at 313.15K were calculated employing experimental densities (ρ), the apparent molar volumes( ϕv) and limiting apparent molar volumes (0v) of the electrolytes. The (0v) of electrolyte offer insights into solute-solution interactions. In terms of the Jones-Dole equation for strong electrolyte solution, the experimental data of viscosity were explored. Viscosity coefficients A and B have been interpreted and discussed. The B-coefficient values in these systems increase with increase of methanol in the solvents mixtures. This implied that when the dielectric constant of the solvent decreases, so do the solvent-solvent interactions in these systems.

Comparative Study of Solvation Behaviour of Oxidising Agents Like Kclo3, Kbro3 and KIO3 in Aqueous Solvent Systems at Different Temperatures

The investigation of the solvationtrend of oxidizing agents like KClO3, KBrO3 and KIO3as electrolytes in aqueous salt solution rendersthe datasuited to interpret ion–ion, solute–solvent, ion-solvent and solvent–solvent interactions and synergy. Apparent molar volumes (∅_V) and viscosity B-coefficients for KClO3, KBrO3 and KIO3solutions in aqueous 0.5 % KCl ,system have been calculated from density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements at 298.15 to 313.15 K using a calibrated bicapillary pycnometer and the simple, yet accurate apparatus known as Ubbelohde viscometer respectively. Jones-Dole equation,Masson’s equation, Roots equation and Moulik’s equations are implemented to analyse various interactions inter and intra ionic attractions among the ion–ion, ion–solvent, and solute–solvent. Additionallythe apparent molar volumes of transfer Δ ∅(tr) and Rate constant diffusion controlled reaction (kd)are valuated.