Legal Regulation Of Telecommunication Services Under The Legislation Of Uzbekistan

To date, the introduction of new methods in the telecommunication service and the quality changes in this area of the service require such improvements in the legal order. These aspects are also reflected in the legal regulation of the telecommunication service. The provision of telecommunication involves a complex set of actions of the participants of this legal relationship, such as the acquisition of technical means, the use of technical means and in this connection the installation of this or that material, their maintenance, repair of these devices in case of necessity. In this sense, the relations of telecommunication services include the impersonation of certain signs of the energy supply contract. First of all, in the power supply contract, the power supply organization also supplies energy to the subscriber through the connected network. The telecommunication service also requires the presence of an adjoining network. Therefore, subscriber is connected directly with the service provider through telephone wires and on the basis of the specified number, a telephone connection service is provided to him. Meanwhile, a contract is concluded with a person who has certain equipment in the energy supply contract. This is exactly the case in the contract for the provision of telecommunication services.

Can Corpus Consultation Compensate for the Lack of Knowledge in Legal Translation Training?

It is generally assumed that a good knowledge of the legal field is a prerequisite to deliver legal translations. This paper will challenge this assumption by presenting a case study with third-year bachelor’s students who participated in a translation project. The students, enrolled in a course in translation practice, were trained in corpus consultation at the beginning of the academic year. Nearly at the end, they translated an extract of a supply contract without being trained in the legal field. They consulted a pre-compiled offline corpus and online bilingual dictionaries. The paper findings highlight that knowledge of the legal field would have certainly helped the students make more informed decisions and avoid some mistranslations. However, the major shortcomings were actually due to ineffective corpus or dictionary consultation. In particular, formulaic expressions and collocations were neglected. In light of the paper findings, it can be speculated that in translation training, effective corpus consultation may help users deliver high-quality legal translations. It also seemed that thorough knowledge of the legal field is not a prerequisite, at least as far as short texts are concerned.

A multi-period risk sharing supply chain contract under consideration of price and demand uncertainties

Exchange rate is extremely volatile and displays a Markovian regime switching property. This report proposes a multi-period procurement problem with a flexible quantity risk-sharing supply contract that may provide a prevention against exchange rate (FX) fluctuations for international traders. The buyer assumed to be encountered with a random price modelled by a regime-switching geometric Brownian motion and also random demand. The proposed risk sharing supply contract model helps to compensate supplier for the depreciating market price and also helps buyer when purchase price increases. According to the author’s knowledge, none of the studies in the literature considers a risk-sharing supply contract with random demand and random price while modelling the exchange rates by regime switching approach. Multi-period lattice model is developed for valuation of risk-sharing supply contract. The problem is solved with using dynamic programming approach. A numerical example and sensitivity analyses are presented to illustrate the proposed model.

A multi-period risk sharing supply chain contract under consideration of price and demand uncertainties

Exchange rate is extremely volatile and displays a Markovian regime switching property. This report proposes a multi-period procurement problem with a flexible quantity risk-sharing supply contract that may provide a prevention against exchange rate (FX) fluctuations for international traders. The buyer assumed to be encountered with a random price modelled by a regime-switching geometric Brownian motion and also random demand. The proposed risk sharing supply contract model helps to compensate supplier for the depreciating market price and also helps buyer when purchase price increases. According to the author’s knowledge, none of the studies in the literature considers a risk-sharing supply contract with random demand and random price while modelling the exchange rates by regime switching approach. Multi-period lattice model is developed for valuation of risk-sharing supply contract. The problem is solved with using dynamic programming approach. A numerical example and sensitivity analyses are presented to illustrate the proposed model.

Assessing the efficacy of governmental programs for renewal of fixed assets in power engineering

Subject. The article focuses on the efficacy of governmental programs for implementing the power capacity supply, which is a long-term contract obliging the company to build new generating capacities within an agreed period of time, while the consumer must pay for the power capacity within the term of the contract at higher power capacity tariffs. Objectives. The study reviews the outcome of the program for the renewal of generating capacity under the power capacity supply contract and evaluates the 2019 program for retrofitting of generating fixed assets. Methods. The methodological framework relies upon the comparative analysis of generating capacity renewal programs held in Russia under power capacity supply contracts with reference to the balance of demand and supply. Results. The article presents the outcome of the 2010 program for the renewal of generating capacities in Russia and gives the comparative description of two programs for the renewal of the Russian generating capacities. We also predict the efficiency of the 2019 program for the renewal of the Russian generating capacity. Conclusions and Relevance. The above programs helped implement the new effective equipment, reduce the specific consumption of fuel oil equivalent at power plants. However, as the site to be renewed was chosen inappropriately, some regions of the Russian Federation saw the surplus power capacity. The 2019 program accommodates for stringent requirements for the selection of facilities. Having analyzed growth rates of power capacity and demand by power grids, we conclude that the power capacity factor will drop at power plants until 2025, thus putting the cost effectiveness of the above programs at question.

Civil law regulation of investments in the digital infrastructure of the construction industry

Civil law regulation of investments combines regulations from different industry sectors and is characterized by its complexity. An efficient type of investment in the digital infrastructure of the construction industry is a financial lease. The purpose of the study is to characterize the civil law regulation of a financial lease. The methodological basis was the technical and legal method that ensures the effectiveness of the analysis of civil law regulation of a financial lease, the adequacy of the assessment of concepts and legal structures. The following results of the study have been obtained: the content of the international financial leasing transaction and the essence of a financial lease in Russia have been determined; particular aspects of the implementation of the UNIDROIT Convention in Russia have been identified. The content of the international financial leasing transaction reflects a threeway process with the participation of the equipment seller, lessor and lessee, who are linked by a supply contract and a lease contract. In Russian legislation, the term «financial lease» is used. The essence of a financial lease reflects both a lease contract with elements of sale in conjunction with the purchase option and the type of secured financing. Particular aspects of the implementation of the UNIDROIT Convention in Russia are due to different terminology and are associated with cross-border leasing. A draft federal law is undergoing a regulatory impact assessment, which provides for the introduction of a financial lease concept. Civil law regulation of leasing relations will ensure the effectiveness of attracting investments in order to improve the digital infrastructure of the construction industry.

THE SUPPLY CONTRACT: A SIMPLE SALE OF GOOD?

This paper aims to address two objectives: in general, to briefly outline the particularities of the supply contract and, in particular, to distinguish its position among the special civil law contracts. The supply contract is a new production of the Civil Code (art. 1166-1771). In this respect it is important to differentiate the supply contract from the other two civil law contract, namely the sale contract and the subcontracting agreement. By defining the contract we aim at establishing its legal nature, particularly that of an independent (distinct) agreement. This paper is structured as follows: “Introduction”; “The Supply Contract. Definition, Object and Legal Characteristics”; “The Parties’ Obligations According to the Supply Contract”; “Modifications of the Legal Supply Relationships. Subcontracting.”; “Supplying: an Independent (distinct) Contract or a Different Form of Sale?” This legal undertaking ends with a lege ferenda and conclusions.

PROBLEMS OF THE COURT’S RE-QUALIFICATION OF A COMMERCIAL CONTRACT FROM ONE TYPE TO ANOTHER

The article discusses and analyses the procedure of reclassification of commercial contract from one view to another, identified the problems arising in judicial practice in the reclassification of the contract, defines the concept of commercial (trade) of the Treaty, the reasons for the conclusion of contracts with conditions that are not typical for statutory contracts and causes an intentional distortion of the parties to the contract in the terms and conditions in order to reduce the size of tax payments, and deliberate tradition of contract names, not under the civil code, such as "contract". The article analyzes the judicial practice of arbitration courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the problems of re-qualification of commercial contracts, namely, the re-qualification of a supply contract to a sales contract, an Agency contract to a delivery contract. Specifies the position of the Supreme Arbitration court of the Russian Federation in 2006, the problem of retraining one kind of contract to another, the position of the Supreme Court on this issue. And also examines on the application of the judicial authorities "recharacterization" of the Treaty stipulates norms of the procedural legislation (APC RF, CCP RF), on the order of proceedings in arbitration courts and courts of General jurisdiction are the relevant article (article 133 of the APC, article 148 GPK the Russian Federation) on the basis of which the court determines the legal relationship of the parties and the laws that apply to that established at the hearing circumstances.