Orchestrators of coordination: Towards a new role of the state in coordinated capitalism?

Liberalization poses significant challenges for the continued provision of collective goods within coordinated market economies (CME). Extant scholarship suggests two dominant sets of responses. Either CMEs continue to rely on employer coordination, but only for a privileged core, leading to dualization. Or, in cases where the state enjoys high capacity, the state instead compensates for liberalization but ends up crowding out employer coordination. In both cases, the result is decreasing employer coordination. We argue that in CMEs, the state may also play the role of “orchestrator” by supporting the revitalization of employer coordination. It does so through the deployment of ideational and institutional resources that mobilize employers’ associations on a voluntary basis. Applying our framework to a core area of coordinated capitalism, vocational education and training, we show that in both Germany and Switzerland, this indirect and soft form of state intervention was instrumental for turning around their crisis-stricken vocational training systems.

Estimation of driving pressure ratio and paleostresses from veins in the Pelling-Munsiari shear zone, Sikkim Himalayan Fold Thrust Belt

<p>We analyze veins from the deepest exposure of the regionally folded Pelling-Munsiari thrust (PT), the roof thrust of the Lesser Himalayan duplex, in the Sikkim Himalaya. The PT is exposed as a discontinuous, ~970 m thick quartz-mica mylonite zone near Mangan (27°29′ N, 88°31′ E), and records progressive deformation path where shallow crustal deformation features overprint deeper crustal deformation structures. The mean mylonitic foliation is north easterly oriented in the studied location (mean ~31°, 042°).  Based on the angular relationship with respect to the mylonitic foliation, we recognize three different fracture- and associated vein-sets at the outcrop scale. These are low-angle set (<30° with respect to the mylonitic foliation), moderate-angle (30°-60°) and high-angle set (>60°).The high-angle fracture set overprints the mylonitic foliation and is the youngest set. These are also the most dominant fracture set (~58 %), followed by the moderate-angle (~32%) and low-angle (~10%) sets. Interestingly, the low-angle vein set (mean orientation ~ 29°, 054°) is the most  dominant set (~61%), followed by the moderate-angle set (~26%; mean orientation  ~ 19°,  055°),  and the high-angle set (~13% ; mean ~23°, 340°).Field analysis indicates that ~95% of low-angle, ~71% of moderate-angle and ~ 40% of high-angle fracture-sets form veins. Some of the low- and moderate-angle veins are locally folded along with the mylonitic foliation. The co-efficient of variation (C<sub>v</sub>) of spacing of both the fracture and vein sets are less than 1, indicating that these follow anti-clustered distribution. The poles to the veins indicate two distinct patterns. The low- and moderate-angle veins define girdle distribution, implying pore fluid pressure (P<sub>f</sub>) exceeded intermediate principal stress axis (σ<sub>2</sub>), whereas the high-angle set shows a clustered distribution indicating σ<sub>2</sub> exceeded P<sub>f</sub>. A preliminary study reveals presence of blocky texture in the low- and moderate-angle veins with quartz growing at high angles with respect to the vein walls. The average thickness of the low-angle, moderate-angle, and high-angle veins, measured along appropriate scan-lines are ~ 0.92 cm, ~1.03 cm and ~0.64 cm respectively. As the low- and moderate-angle vein-sets are the most dominant sets and both show girdle distribution, we estimated a driving pressure ratio (R' ~0.35-0.6) and stress ratio (ɸ~0.251) for these veins.  The estimated paleostresses from these veins are σ<sub>1</sub> (28°, 058°), σ<sub>2</sub> (2°, 327°), σ<sub>3</sub> (62°, 233°).</p>

Complexity of Computation of Dominating Sets in Geo-Mathmetics Algorithm : A Review

In this paper, the complexity on dominating sets of the graph is suppose the G = (V, E) is a subset D of V each head not in D is adjacent to one member on the dominating number γ (G) is the number of vertices in the smallest dominant sets of G. The dominant sets problem by testing whether γ (G) ≤ K of a given graph is G and K input; It is an electronic card NP machines decision problem in computational complexity theory. Infographics, powerful infographics plus graphic mapping. In each example, each white head is adjacent to at least one red cape, and the white cap is said to be dominated by the red cape. The graph in graph is 2: The histogram is an example that illustrates the histogram.Keywords— Boundary Value Problem, Convergence of the Method, Cubic Order, Finite Difference Method, Non-uniform Step Length.

Some remarks of random graphs

At the beginning of the paper, the known models are briefly presented (The Barabási–Albert model, Watts–Strogatz model, Erdős-Rényi model). In the later part of the paper, some results are presented, which are valid in the Erdős-Rényi model and are also related to the dominant sets of graphs. These results will be considered further in a later paper (Bacsó et al., 2021).