A Vision-based Driver Night Time Assistance and Surveillance System

In India round 1.5 lakh humans died per year in avenue twist of fate because of road accidents most of them were due to low vision and weariness problems. Weariness (Extreme Tiredness) or Fatigue is a major purpose of avenue accidents and has extensive implications for street safety. several deadly accidents can be avoided if the drowsy drivers are warned in time. In many cases it is observed that a car hits some object/obstacle on road due to low vision in that case an object detection and warning system can help to avoid such accidents. Basically, Weariness is a state of sleepiness which abnormally happen when we are very tired or whilst drunken. A spread of drowsiness detection strategies exist that monitor the driving force’s drowsiness state at the same time as driving and alarm the drivers if they're no longer concentrating on driving. The relevant features can be extracted from facial expressions including yawning, eye closure and head actions for inferring the level of weariness. The organic condition of driver’s body is analyzed for driver weariness detection. So, this utility overcomes the trouble of driver weariness detection and object/obstacle detection & warning whilst driving using eye extraction, facial extraction, object and its distance detection using different algorithms.

Somatoform and conversion disorders as psychological defences

Conversion disorder is the clinical situation in which one or more symptoms can present deficits that affect motor or sensory function and suggest a neurological or organic condition. Psychological factors are decisive, and they usually include a major anxiety generated by intrapsychic conflicts, which are converted by unconscious defense mechanism into symptoms. The symptoms are not intentionally provoked or simulated nor are explained by organic suffering or substance consumption. They affect the quality of life of the person who presents significant deficits such as motor, sensory, convulsive or mixed. It may also occur a lack of coordination, ataxia, paralysis, tremor, aphonia, difficulties at swallowing, loss of sensitivity, anesthesia that does not follow anatomical nervous trajectories, blindness or mental deafness. Consciousness is not altered, but a condition of "la belle indifference" appears which is rather associated with histrionic personality disorders and what the patients imagine about their own illness or suffering. This condition is unstable and changing. The primary gain is the expression of an unconscious psychological conflict through a somatic symptom by reducing anxiety and keeping conflict out of consciousness. The secondary gain is external and includes attention and care from caregivers or others.

The functions of an asylum: an analysis of male and female admissions to Essex County Asylum in 1904

Background Contrasting historical views represent the asylum as a manifestation of humanitarian and therapeutic progress or as an institution of social control designed to bolster the capitalist economic order. More extreme critics suggest it was used to incarcerate people exhibiting only political or social deviance. Methods Case notes of 200 consecutive male and female admissions to the Essex County Asylum in 1904 were inspected. The nature of presentations was classified in contemporary terms into broad categories of disorder. Outcomes were identified and differences between men and women were explored. Results We found no evidence that patients were admitted without signs of significant mental and behavioural disturbance. In total, 44% of admissions had signs of an organic condition, and these were more frequent among men. Women were admitted at a faster rate and were 1.6 times more likely to have mania or a psychotic disorder. Overall, 45.5% of patients were discharged, with 62% of patients with non-organic disorders discharged recovered or improved. Conclusions Evidence partially supports both views of the asylum. In line with other studies, there is no evidence that the asylum was used to incarcerate people who did not show significant signs of disorder, but it did provide care and containment for those who could not be accommodated elsewhere, including many with organic conditions. The asylum also had a therapeutic orientation, however, and encouraged discharge where possible. In contrast to some other studies, women were more likely to be institutionalised than men, possibly reflecting their greater economic dependency.