Effect of Chaotic Nature on IPHICLUS and NEARCTIC Flapping MAV Wings in Lift Generation using Welch Power Spectral

The application of bio-mimetic in Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV) is a developing field and has enormous applications in the aviation industry. In this work, experimental investigation of the insect like MAV having flapping wing is discussed. The iphiclus-egensis-aile flexible wing and the nearctic-ceratopogonidae flexible wing were chosen for this study. Values of the coefficient of lift for the unsteady aerodynamics were converted to normalized frequency domain using Welch power spectral density method at various flapping frequencies and Reynolds number. The wing tip vortices were captured using laser visualization technique and further the images were processed using MATLAB. Experimental investigations were carried out in wind tunnel for various velocities and Angle of Attack (AoA) and the results were obtained using digital six component balancing system. Detailed study of both the results shows that the nearctic-ceratopogonidae flexible wing has better lifting properties than the iphiclus-egensis-aile flexible wing at low flapping frequencies and low AoA. For higher flapping frequencies and high AoA, the latter shows better lifting properties than the former.

Design of Fire Source for Railway Vehicles and Measurement of Critical Velocity in Reduced-Scale Tunnels

In this study, the authors designed a reduced-scale railway vehicle fire, which was necessary for evaluating the fire safety of railway tunnels using a reduced model. To overcome the shortcomings of the methods used in conventional reduced-scale railway tunnel tests, the authors simulated the fire source of a railway vehicle using a methanol fire source for fire buoyancy, and a smoke cartridge for smoke visualization. Therefore, the heat release mass consumption rates of various methane trays were measured using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660). The critical ventilation velocity in the railway tunnels was obtained using the designed fire source of the railway vehicle, which was evaluated by the measured temperature at the top of the tunnel as well as laser visualization.

EVOLUTION OF VIEWS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN SURGICAL MAGNETIC INSTRUMENTS ON THE CASE OF INFLAMMATORY PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE BREAST

Summary. The arms — to analyze the evolution of the development of modern surgical instruments in gunshot wounds chest. Materials and methods. 80 cases of using a modern magnetic surgical instrument for penetrating gunshot wounds of the chest were analyzed. Intraoperatively used: a magnetic multifunctional tool for the diagnosis and removal of metallic ferromagnetic foreign bodies, a flexible device for removing ferromagnetic foreign bodies, a magnetic tool for endovideoscopic diagnosis and removal of metallic ferromagnetic foreign bodies from the abdominal and pleural cavities, a magnetic nozzle for video endoscopic surgical interventions. When removing metal foreign bodies, the following methods were used: a method for preliminary determination of the material and properties of a foreign body, a method for video endoscopic laser visualization of the internal organs of the abdominal and pleural cavities. Results. Foreign bodies of the pleural cavity were diagnosed in 80 (100 %) wounded according to СT. Ferromagnetic metal foreign bodies of a gunshot origin of the pleural cavity were removed both during thoracotomy or minithoracotomy, and during thoracoscopic surgical interventions using the method of video endoscopic laser visualization of the internal organs of the abdominal and pleural cavities. The most convenient tool was the endoscopic magnetic tool for removing foreign bodies from the pleural or abdominal cavities. A magnetic nozzle for video endoscopic surgical interventions allows navigation both in the pleural cavity and along the wound channel. Conclusions. 1. The development of a surgical magnetic instrument was phased and began with the improvement of a surgical magnetic instrument to remove ferromagnetic foreign bodies of soft tissues. 2. The improvement of the tool took place as the restrictions on the use of the existing tool were established, which was a prerequisite for the development of a new tool. 3. It is advisable to create a special set of surgical magnetic instruments for video endoscopic surgery.

CONCEPT OF FORMATION AND PROCEDURE OF ERGONOMIC ASSESS-MENT OF LASER PROJECTION SYSTEM IN SIMULATOR

Basic merits and a conceptual image of the laser system for the visualization of off-cockpit situation in an aircraft simulator are shown. The operation of this system is considered. The procedure and basic results of an ergonomic assessment of a laser visualization system for the simulator MiG-29K are presented.

An Experimental Study for Clarifying the Mechanism of a Microjet in an Electro-Conjugate Fluid by the 2D PIV Analysis

If a high voltage is applied to a pair of electrodes immersed in a certain dielectric fluid, a strong microjet occurs between the electrodes. This is called the ECF (electro-conjugate fluid) effect. However, the mechanism of the occurrence of such a microjet has not been clarified yet. As a first step, we here attempt to clarify this mechanism by means of a laser visualization technique with a PIV analysis tool. From this analysis tool, we have obtained flow field solutions and also evaluated the maximum velocity of a microjet as functions of the magnitude of an applied voltage, the separation of a pair of electrodes, etc. Some important results obtained here are summarized as follows. The average maximum velocity decreases linearly with decreasing values of the gap between the electrodes and also with increasing values of the magnitude of an applied voltage in a surface liquid area. Moreover, the average maximum velocity has a tendency to decrease gradually with increasing values of the depth of the electrodes immersed in an electro-conjugate fluid.