master planning
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2022 ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Kazi Saiful Islam

Bangladesh has a long history of physical planning. It started with blueprint-based master planning approach in the 1950s. Since the late 1970s, it has slowly shifted to the rational planning approach following the path laid down by the United Kingdom. Lately, infusion of the North American planning thoughts is observed. Thus, Bangladeshi physical planning never had its own identity. Structure plans are loosely tied to the other tiers of planning packages that are used for development management. Though most of the structure plans address environmental issues, lower tiers of plans often lack their reflection. Often policies are laid down based on popular belief rather than scientific evidence. To establish these arguments, the evolution of the planning practices of Bangladesh is illustrated briefly in the context of the evolution of planning theory. Additionally, environmental sensitivity of a physical plan covering one of the most ecologically sensitive and economically potential areas of Bangladesh, namely Mongla master plan (MNP) is evaluated, as an example, considering the spatial dispersion of sulfur dioxide to be discharged by the coal-fired thermal power plant at Rampal. Unfortunately, MMP failed to stand out from all the rest to prove its soundness.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Francesca Crawford

<p>The Aotearoa (New Zealand) housing crisis and environmental shifts have inspired this thesis, which will address contemporary issues regarding Landscape Architecture, housing and urban design in Maungawhau (Mount Eden), Tāmaki-Makaurau (Auckland). Certain design decisions and some areas of local and national policy have restricted property development (or allowed poor development to occur). These developments have also limited infrastructural progress particularly in regard to sustainable urban planning strategies throughout Tāmaki-Makaurau in the past two decades in particular. The population of Tāmaki-Makaurau is rapidly growing, the 2018 census revealed a population increase of 11% in the past five years. Tāmaki-Makaurau is home to roughly 1.6million people, which is 1/3rd of Aotearoa‘s population. House prices reached an all-time high in 2016, causing major concern at a national level.  To tackle these issues of improving sustainable infrastructure and high-density housing this thesis will create a design strategy which will form a new urban fabric for Eden Park. The Master Planning strategy will take a cross-disciplinary approach. Involving Landscape Architecture, elements or urbanism, architecture and hydrology. The landscape, and water sensitive design will be the key drivers in how the housing mosaic is formed. Eden Park will be used as a blank canvas site of 105,300m2. The applied design will evolve as the site challenges the aims of the thesis, methods will be tested and the project will adapt as the site develops, the implementation of precedent and methods will be displayed in the design development and final design. This will result in a robust Master Planning strategy. A detailed urban design strategy will be a solution to the challenges set out in the thesis statement. The design development for Eden Park will intertwine with the wider Maungawhau network, this will be displayed in the final design drawings. The wetland will aim to treat a larger catchment of the area of 1,026,130.33m2, this means that the wetland will need to be roughly 20,000m2 so that the total catchment can be treated by this artificial wetland at 2%. The design goal is to create a multi-layered high-density housing assemblage and mixed use space that will stand as an example of a contemporary water sensitive and high-density design in action. The final design will be strong, versatile, and have the potential to be developed and expanded into wider networks over time in regard to using similar design strategy. I envisage a successful landscape design framework as a tool that aims to design more cohesive, innovative, adaptive and local high-density urban plans, which will respond to the demands of a growing population, ever-changing environmental conditions, and overall enhance a better quality of life.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Francesca Crawford

<p>The Aotearoa (New Zealand) housing crisis and environmental shifts have inspired this thesis, which will address contemporary issues regarding Landscape Architecture, housing and urban design in Maungawhau (Mount Eden), Tāmaki-Makaurau (Auckland). Certain design decisions and some areas of local and national policy have restricted property development (or allowed poor development to occur). These developments have also limited infrastructural progress particularly in regard to sustainable urban planning strategies throughout Tāmaki-Makaurau in the past two decades in particular. The population of Tāmaki-Makaurau is rapidly growing, the 2018 census revealed a population increase of 11% in the past five years. Tāmaki-Makaurau is home to roughly 1.6million people, which is 1/3rd of Aotearoa‘s population. House prices reached an all-time high in 2016, causing major concern at a national level.  To tackle these issues of improving sustainable infrastructure and high-density housing this thesis will create a design strategy which will form a new urban fabric for Eden Park. The Master Planning strategy will take a cross-disciplinary approach. Involving Landscape Architecture, elements or urbanism, architecture and hydrology. The landscape, and water sensitive design will be the key drivers in how the housing mosaic is formed. Eden Park will be used as a blank canvas site of 105,300m2. The applied design will evolve as the site challenges the aims of the thesis, methods will be tested and the project will adapt as the site develops, the implementation of precedent and methods will be displayed in the design development and final design. This will result in a robust Master Planning strategy. A detailed urban design strategy will be a solution to the challenges set out in the thesis statement. The design development for Eden Park will intertwine with the wider Maungawhau network, this will be displayed in the final design drawings. The wetland will aim to treat a larger catchment of the area of 1,026,130.33m2, this means that the wetland will need to be roughly 20,000m2 so that the total catchment can be treated by this artificial wetland at 2%. The design goal is to create a multi-layered high-density housing assemblage and mixed use space that will stand as an example of a contemporary water sensitive and high-density design in action. The final design will be strong, versatile, and have the potential to be developed and expanded into wider networks over time in regard to using similar design strategy. I envisage a successful landscape design framework as a tool that aims to design more cohesive, innovative, adaptive and local high-density urban plans, which will respond to the demands of a growing population, ever-changing environmental conditions, and overall enhance a better quality of life.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anthony Green

<p>Auckland city is New Zealand’s fastest growing city which continues to sprawl outwards degrading the biodiversity of the natural systems. The population’s culture of the ‘quarter-acre dream’ opposes intensification in low rise suburbia. While suburban shopping centres are the product of urban sprawl they are now situated in central areas relative to the growing city. Their land is now more valuable than the surface car parking that occupies the majority of the site and has the opportunity to foster intensification. In addition, these centres no longer provide a new exciting retail experience and the retail environments lack any point of difference between suburb to suburb, city to city and country to country.  The research explores three bodies of work; new urbanists Jan Gehl and Peter Calthorpe; retail theory on theatrical experience from the architect Jon Jerde, and eco-master planning of Ken Yeang. Forming the hypothesis that ecology has the ability to facilitate the hybridisation of new urbanism and retail environments creating identity and sense of place for an intensified suburban-centre. Ecology has the capacity to create a theatrical experience to re-image the retail environments towards environmental conscious consumption. The inquiry contends that urban planning and development has fragmented the regions natural systems degrading the biodiversity of species that once occupied the built area. As we continue to consume more land and more commodities, we become removed from the environment, the thing that gives us life.  The outcome of this investigation is an urban masterplan and framework for Highland Park Shopping Centre, accommodating commercial, retail, recreational and residential activities in the form of a new suburban centre that reconnects and enhances the region’s natural systems. The centre becomes a catalyst for further intensification in its surrounding context. The strategies employed for the design case study can be replicated at other suburban centres allowing intensification to be enriched from the sites ecology.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anthony Green

<p>Auckland city is New Zealand’s fastest growing city which continues to sprawl outwards degrading the biodiversity of the natural systems. The population’s culture of the ‘quarter-acre dream’ opposes intensification in low rise suburbia. While suburban shopping centres are the product of urban sprawl they are now situated in central areas relative to the growing city. Their land is now more valuable than the surface car parking that occupies the majority of the site and has the opportunity to foster intensification. In addition, these centres no longer provide a new exciting retail experience and the retail environments lack any point of difference between suburb to suburb, city to city and country to country.  The research explores three bodies of work; new urbanists Jan Gehl and Peter Calthorpe; retail theory on theatrical experience from the architect Jon Jerde, and eco-master planning of Ken Yeang. Forming the hypothesis that ecology has the ability to facilitate the hybridisation of new urbanism and retail environments creating identity and sense of place for an intensified suburban-centre. Ecology has the capacity to create a theatrical experience to re-image the retail environments towards environmental conscious consumption. The inquiry contends that urban planning and development has fragmented the regions natural systems degrading the biodiversity of species that once occupied the built area. As we continue to consume more land and more commodities, we become removed from the environment, the thing that gives us life.  The outcome of this investigation is an urban masterplan and framework for Highland Park Shopping Centre, accommodating commercial, retail, recreational and residential activities in the form of a new suburban centre that reconnects and enhances the region’s natural systems. The centre becomes a catalyst for further intensification in its surrounding context. The strategies employed for the design case study can be replicated at other suburban centres allowing intensification to be enriched from the sites ecology.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdol Aziz Shahraki

Abstract This paper discusses necessary qualitative and quantitative improvements in transport infrastructure networks and analyzes travel behavior and origin-destination situations. This paper studies idea about the re-planning of transportation infrastructures theoretically and implements a case study strategy that applies the gravity model and graph technique. Additionally, it has a mathematical model that assists in designing traffic flow in new streets, sidewalks, plazas, and spaces, while suggesting new urban land-use policies and transportation infrastructure-locating techniques. This work considers the planning of ground, railroad, maritime, and air transportation to build a comprehensive system in the urban master planning process. It prioritizes public transportation and suggests necessary geometrical adjustments to upgrade the situation of the infrastructure and prepare Chabahar city for its strategic and oceanic role. The outcome in geometric corrections in sight distance and transverse and longitudinal curves in streets, sidewalks, and squares will assist cities in the Silk Road project environmentally and make the region attractive to tourists and investors' eyes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Jason McMillan ◽  
Lola Sheppard

Ground is the transition across the surface and subsurface of the land, mediating environmental change and the stability of geological time. In the Canadian Arctic, dramatic seasonal cycles and warming trends are reshaping increasingly unstable ground. Inuit in communities such as Arviat, in southern Nunavut, have always dealt with geological instability using their traditional knowledge of climate and territory. However, the North has been aggressively shaped by systematic spatial interventions of resource-based economies, militarization, and administration. Federal building programs across the Territory have imposed visions of efficiency and modernity, transforming the land inhabited by Inuit into a settled ground. To “unsettle ground” is understood here as strategies to address gaps between the imposed stability and singularity of modernist, Northern master planning and housing and the richness and fluidity of the Indigenous landscape. Two trips to Arviat and extensive meetings with community members and housing advocates revealed numerous instabilities, including geological changes, adaptation of the Community Plan, and uncertain economics of public housing. Housing has failed to engage the land on a perfunctory technical level, in its ability to create a communal “social ground”, and on a larger scale the ongoing failure of community planning disregards community relationships to landscape. Conversations on the ground revealed community-centered building practices reclaiming spaces imposed by the strictures of modern colonial architecture and planning. Our research thus examines the multiple identities of ground and posits the possibility for new, respectful ways for architecture to inhabit the land in Nunavut while unsettling ground.


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