Development of measurement methods and dose evaluating algorithms for electronic personal dosimeter

For personal radiation dose monitoring, electronic personal dosimeters (EPD), also known as active personal dosimeter (APD), using silicon diode detector have the advantage capability of measuring and displaying directly the exposure results of gamma, beta and neutron radiations in real time. They are mainly considered as good complement to passive dosimeters to satisfy ALARA principle in the radiation protection. In this paper, the meansurement methods and algorithms for evaluating personal dose equivalents such as Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) from air-kerma are studied and developed in two directions: the first, named energy correction method based on incident energy determined by the ratio of two detector responses with the different filter configurations; the second new method is carried out in the way that matching the shape of a detector’s energy response curve to the kerma-to-personal dose equivalent conversion function provides an approximate means of determining the dose equivalent without the need to resolve the actual incident energies. The algorithm has also been experimentally verified at Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) of INST by the beam of radiation defined in ISO 4037-1. The obtained results of personal dose equivalents with errors almost less than 30% in energy range from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV are partially met the EPD design requirements according to the IEC 61526 Standard. The work and results of described in this paper are important basics for design and construction of completed electronic personal dosimeter.

Design of monitoring system for radioactivity and radiation dose in nuclear medicine

In this paper, an intelligent radioactivity and radiation dose monitoring system is designed, which can be used in the field of nuclear medicine. The system can dynamically monitor the body surface radioactivity and radiation dose rate of patients receiving 131I radioactive drug treatment, and can identify the personnel who exceed the radiation threshold and send out sound and light alarm. Compared with other monitoring equipment, this system has higher accuracy and can guide the clinical treatment of nuclear medicine scientifically.

An International Survey of Quality and Safety Programs in Radiology

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the status of radiology quality improvement programs in a variety of selected nations worldwide. Methods: A survey was developed by select members of the International Economics Committee of the American College of Radiology on quality programs and was distributed to committee members. Members responded on behalf of their country. The 51-question survey asked about 12 different quality initiatives which were grouped into 4 themes: departments, users, equipment, and outcomes. Respondents reported whether a designated type of quality initiative was used in their country and answered subsequent questions further characterizing it. Results: The response rate was 100% and represented Australia, Canada, China, England, France, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, and the United States. The most frequently reported quality initiatives were imaging appropriateness (91.7%) and disease registries (91.7%), followed by key performance indicators (83.3%) and morbidity and mortality rounds (83.3%). Peer review, equipment accreditation, radiation dose monitoring, and structured reporting were reported by 75.0% of respondents, followed by 58.3% of respondents for quality audits and critical incident reporting. The least frequently reported initiatives included Lean/Kaizen exercises and physician performance assessments, implemented by 25.0% of respondents. Conclusion: There is considerable diversity in the quality programs used throughout the world, despite some influence by national and international organizations, from whom further guidance could increase uniformity and optimize patient care in radiology.

Radiation Exposure of Anaesthetists Visualised by Real-time Dosimetry

Background: Chronic exposure to occupational ionising radiation is seen as one reason for elevated cancer prevalence. </P><P> Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate radiation exposure of anaesthetists by real-time dosimetry. Methods: Data of 296 patients were analyzed. Ten types of trauma operation procedures including osteosynthesis of upper and lower extremity fractures and minimally invasive stabilisation of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral fractures were accomplished. Evaluation was performed by an occupational dosimetry system, which visualises anaesthetists radiation exposure feedback compared to surgeons in real-time. Results: A significantly lower radiation exposure to anaesthetists compared to surgeons was observed in four types of operative procedures: Plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures, osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures, stabilisation of traumatic and osteoporotic vertebral fractures. In four types of operations (plate osteosynthesis of proximal humeral, distal radial and tibial fractures and intramedullary nailing of the clavicle), anaesthetists` amount of radiation exceeded one-third of the surgeons' exposure, especially if the C-arm tube was positioned close to the anaesthetists work station at the patients' head. Conclusion: By using the occupational radiation dose monitoring system, radiation exposure to anaesthetists was visualised in real-time during trauma operations. Radiation exposure of anaesthetists depends on the type of operation and the position of the C-arm. The system may help to increase anaesthetists` awareness concerning radiation exposure and to enhance compliance in using radiation protection techniques.

Profil Hematologi dan Pemantauan Dosis Petugas Radiologi di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Tahun 2014-2015

AbstrakLatar belakang : Petugas radiologi mempunyai risiko untuk terpapar radiasi. Pemantauan kesehatan dan dosis para petugas radiologi wajib dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya gejala awal atau tanda kerusakan awal akibat paparan radiasi dan untuk menjamin keselamatan dan kesehatan petugas radiologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap risiko paparan radiasi pada petugas radiologi berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan hematologi dan pemantauan dosis.Metode : Kajian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan metode potong lintang. Subyek yang digunakan dalam kajian ini terdiri dari ahli radiologi, radiografer dan petugas administrasi yang bekerja di Instalasi Radiologi, RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso periode 2014-2015. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dari hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala tahun 2014-2015, berupa data karakteristik demografi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Hasil pengukuran dosis radiasi dari laboratorium pemantauan dosis perorangan - Balai Pengamanan Fasilitas Kesehatan dan Pusat Teknologi Keselamatan dan Metrologi Radiasi - Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN).Hasil : Jumlah petugas radiologi laki-laki sama dengan jumlah petugas perempuan, sebanyak 58,4% petugas berusia 31-40 tahun, 75% petugas berpendidikan DIII radiologi, 33,3% petugas dengan lama kerja 11-15 tahun. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar Ht, leukosit, dan LED menunjukkan semua petugas masih dalam batas normal. Petugas yang mempunyai kadar Hb rendah meningkat menjadi 33,3% pada tahun 2015 dari tahun 2014 (25%). Petugas yang mengalami anemia normositik meningkat dari 16,5% (2014) menjadi 25% (2015). Sebanyak 16,6% petugas mempunyai kadar serum besi yang rendah, sebanyak 25% petugas mempunyai jumlah retikulosit yang rendah. Hasil pemantauan dosis radiasi pada tahun 2014 dan 2015 menunjukkan semua petugas radiologi masih dibawah Nilai Batas Dosis.Kesimpulan : Secara keseluruhan hasil pemeriksaan hematologi dan pemantauan dosis petugas radiologi masih dalam batas normal. AbstractBackground : The officer radiology at risk for exposure to radiation. Health monitoring and dose the radiology staff must be conducted to identify the presence of early symptoms or signs of early damage due to exposure to radiation and to ensure the safety and health of radiology staff. This study aims to increase awareness of the risks of radiation exposure in radiology staff based on the results of hematology and dose monitoring.Methods : The study used a descriptive design with cross sectional method. The subjects used in this study consists of radiologists, radiographers and administrators who work in Radiology, Prof. RSPI Dr. Sulianti Saroso period 2014-2015. The data used is secondary data from periodic health examination results year 2014-2015, in the form of data on demographic characteristics and laboratory tests. The results of the laboratory measurement of radiation dose monitoring individual dose - Safety Center HealthFacilities and Technology Center Safety and Radiation Metrology - National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN).Results : The number of male officers radiology equal to the number of women officers, as many as 58.4% of 31-40-year-old clerk, 75% of the officers educated DIII radiology, 33.3% of the officers working with 11-15 years old. Examination results hematocrit levels, leukocytes, and LEDs indicate all the officers are still within normal limits. Officers who have low Hb level increased to 33.3% in 2015 from 2014 (25%). Officers who are anemic normositik increased from 16.5% (2014) to 25% (2015). A total of 16.6% of the officers had serum iron levels are low, as many as 25% of the officers had a low reticulocyte count. Radiation dose monitoring results in 2014 and 2015 shows all radiology staff is still below the dose limit value.Conclusion : Overall results of the monitoring of hematology and radiology staff doses are within normal limits.