The use of additively manufactured scaffolds for treating gingival recession associated with interproximal defects

Gingival recessions are a highly prevalent issue that is often associated with interproximal tissue deficiency. An intervention in these scenarios is of extreme importance since these defects can lead to aesthetic, phonetic and other dental problems. Unfortunately, the treatment of advanced gingival recessions is a major challenge in periodontics because of its unpredictability. In such cases, the use of injectable fillings, connective tissue grafts or bone grafts for vertical regeneration in interproximal area presents limited results. Considering that, this special report reviewed the possible use of additively manufactured scaffolds as a therapeutic option. A 3D-printed personalized therapy is expected to simplify the regeneration of interproximal area, enabling bone regeneration, new papilla formation and root coverage.

Comparison of interdental papillae around single implants in the tissue-level (TL) and bone-level (BL) implants: A clinical trial

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bone-level implants in comparison with tissue-level implants on dental papilla dimensions in single-tooth implants. Methods. In the present clinical trial, 50 patients, 24 females (48%) and 26 males (52%), were selected among patients requesting single implants in the posterior area of the jaws. The subjects were divided into two groups (n=25). The subjects in the first group were treated with a bone-level implant (Implantium, Dentium, Korea), and the subjects in the second group were treated with a tissue level implant (Implantium, Dentium, Korea). None of the implants were loaded during this period, and only the healing effect was measured. All the implants underwent one-stage surgery (none-submerged), and healing abutments were placed after implantation. The papilla heights in both the mesial and distal aspects of the adjacent teeth were measured. A periodontal probe was used to measure from the top of the papilla to the CEJ of the adjacent teeth in two time intervals. Descriptive statistics were performed using tables and Shapiro-Wilk, chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, and independent t-tests. Results. The findings showed that the interdental papilla in TL single implants performed better than that in BL implants at the three-month interval. This difference was statistically significant on the mesial aspect but not on the distal aspect. However, the difference was not clinically significant. Conclusion. A comparison of papilla dimensions in two implant types showed that papilla formation in TL implants was better than that in BL implants at the three-month postoperative interval.

Papilla Formation in Response to Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery and Immediate Restoration

This retrospective analysis was undertaken to evaluate the effect of immediate implant restoration using a computer-assisted technique in partially edentulous sites on interimplant and intertooth bone level stability and papilla formation. Nine partially edentulous patients received a total of 23 implants that supported immediately placed implant restorations. Planning was accomplished using a radiographic guide, which allowed visualization of the emergence profile from the platform of the implant to the cervical of the planned restoration. Guided implants were placed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and restorations were screw retained directly to the implant. Multiple implants were splinted at surgery with autopolymerizing resin. Measurements were made at a mean of 545 days (range 288–958) postoperatively on the basis of radiographs and photographs. Measures were: (1) distance from bone crest to platform, (2) bone crest to contact point, (3) interimplant distance at the outer diameter of the platform, and (4) papilla from highest point to a reference line. At follow-up time, the bone ridge was located higher than the implant platform (mean 0.57 mm) compared to implants whose interimplant distance was less than 3 mm (mean 0.27 mm). Mean increase of the bone level between insertion and approximate 1-year follow-up was 0.047 mm. The mean distance from the contact point to bone was 2.39/3.93 mm postoperatively, resulting in 91/71% papilla fill between implants and between implant and adjacent tooth, respectively. Computer-assisted surgery with the preplanned immediate restoration seems to be an effective method to minimize bone loss at the implant platform resulting in support for papilla.

Transcriptome analysis during incompatible and compatible interactions of Ciborinia camelliae and Camellia

The hostspecific fungal pathogen Ciborinia camelliae is a significant pest of ornamental Camellia plants It is the causal agent of Camellia flower blight which has become rampant throughout New Zealand since the pathogens accidental introduction in the early 1990s This study aims to profile the infection of C camelliae in petals of resistant Camellia lutchuensis and susceptible Camellia japonica Camellia pitardii Nicky Crisp plants Petals were harvested from glasshousegrown plants and infected with fieldcollected fungal ascospores Microscopic analysis of the incompatible interaction at 24 hours post inoculation (hpi) revealed many hallmarks of nonhost resistance including papilla formation and H2O2 accumulation Localised cell death was also observed in epidermal cells in direct vicinity of ascospores In comparison the compatible interaction produced lesions by 30 hpi that completely enveloped the petal tissue by 72 hpi RNA was isolated from incompatible and compatible interactions at 48 hpi Deep sequencing of the mRNA resulted in a total of 340 million high quality cDNA reads Preliminary analysis of the compatible transcriptome identified the expression of 23 putative fungal virulence factors that have previously been characterised in other members of the Sclerotiniaceae

Saprobic and parasitic interactions of Coniochaeta velutina with mosses

During a survey of fungi associated with boreal bryophytes in Alberta, Canada, an isolate of Coniochaeta velutina (Coniochaetaceae, Coniochaetales), an opportunistic tree-pathogen and saprobe, was obtained from Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. (Hylocomiaceae, Hypnales). This isolate exhibited phylogenetic affinities to C. velutina isolated from vascular plants. In vitro characterization of its interactions with the model host Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. (Funariaceae, Funariales) demonstrated that it readily forms both anamorph and teleomorph states on the moss. Infected hosts exhibited no macroscopic symptoms or, occasionally, became weakly chlorotic, suggesting that the fungus is a parasite. However, cellulase and polyphenolic oxidase enzyme production suggest it may also be a latent saprobe. Vegetative hyphae of C. velutina directly penetrated rhizoids and frequently elicited a papilla-formation host response, neither of which have been reported in vascular plants infected with C. velutina. The Lecythophora anamorph of C. velutina was produced within host rhizoids, a new phenomenon among bryophilous fungi. Ascomata were produced superficially on F. hygrometrica, although the rhizoid the ascoma is initiated on frequently becomes embedded in the mature peridium. Given the ability of C. velutina to infect, persist, and reproduce on moss hosts, understory bryophytes may represent an inoculum reservoir that contributes to the disease cycle of C. velutina on tree species.

Influence of Interimplant Distances and Placement Depth on Papilla Formation and Crestal Resorption: A Clinical and Radiographic Study in Dogs

Among the factors that contribute to the papilla formation and crestal bone preservation between contiguous implants, this animal study clinically and radiographically evaluated the interimplant distances (IDs) of 2 and 3 mm and the placement depths of Morse cone connection implants restored with platform switch. Bilateral mandibular premolars of 6 dogs were extracted, and after 12 weeks, the implants were placed. Four experimental groups were constituted: subcrestally with ID of 2 mm (2 SCL) and 3 mm (3 SCL) and crestally with ID of 2 mm (2 CL) and 3 mm (3 CL). Metallic crowns were immediately installed with a distance of 3 mm between the contact point and the bone crest. Eight weeks later, clinical measurements were performed to evaluate papilla formation, and radiographic images were taken to analyze the crestal bone remodeling. The subcrestal groups achieved better levels of papillae formation when compared with the crestal groups, with a significant difference between the 3 SCL and 3 CL groups (P = .026). Radiographically, the crestal bone preservation was also better in the subcrestal groups, with statistically significant differences between the 2SCL and 2CL groups (P = .002) and between the 3SCL and 3CL groups (P = .008). With the present conditions, it could be concluded that subcrestal implant placement had a positive impact on papilla formation and crestal bone preservation, which could favor the esthetic of anterior regions. However, the IDs of 2 and 3 mm did not show significantly different results.