Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into the Interaction between Rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Background: Bacterial blight, which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a devastating rice disease worldwide. Rice introgression line H471, derived from the recurrent parent Huang-Hua-Zhan (HHZ) and the donor parent PSBRC28, exhibits broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo, including to the highly virulent Xoo strain PXO99A, whereas its parents are susceptible to PXO99A. To characterize the responses to Xoo, we compared the proteome profiles of the host and pathogen in the incompatible interaction (H471 inoculated with PXO99A) and the compatible interaction (HHZ inoculated with PXO99A).Results: In this study, a total of 374 rice differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 117 Xoo DAPs were detected in the comparison between H471 + PXO99A and HHZ + PXO99A. Most of the Xoo DAPs related to pathogen virulence, including the outer member proteins, type III secretion system proteins, TonB-dependent receptors, and transcription activator-like effectors, were less abundant in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction. The rice DAPs were mainly involved in secondary metabolic processes, including phenylalanine metabolism and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Additionally, some DAPs involved in the phenolic phytoalexin and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic pathways accumulated much more in H471 than in HHZ after the inoculation with PXO99A, suggesting that phytoalexin and SA production was induced faster in H471 than in HHZ. Further analyses revealed that the SA content increased much more rapidly in H471 than in HHZ after the inoculation, suggesting that the SA signaling pathway was activated faster in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction.Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that during an incompatible interaction between H471 and PXO99A, rice plants prevent pathogen invasion and also initiate multi-component defense responses that inhibit disease development.

Comparative proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into the interaction between rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Background Bacterial blight, which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a devastating rice disease worldwide. Rice introgression line H471, derived from the recurrent parent Huang-Hua-Zhan (HHZ) and the donor parent PSBRC28, exhibits broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo, including to the highly virulent Xoo strain PXO99A, whereas its parents are susceptible to PXO99A. To characterize the responses to Xoo, we compared the proteome profiles of the host and pathogen in the incompatible interaction (H471 inoculated with PXO99A) and the compatible interaction (HHZ inoculated with PXO99A). Results In this study, a total of 374 rice differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 117 Xoo DAPs were detected in the comparison between H471 + PXO99A and HHZ + PXO99A. Most of the Xoo DAPs related to pathogen virulence, including the outer member proteins, type III secretion system proteins, TonB-dependent receptors, and transcription activator-like effectors, were less abundant in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction. The rice DAPs were mainly involved in secondary metabolic processes, including phenylalanine metabolism and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Additionally, some DAPs involved in the phenolic phytoalexin and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic pathways accumulated much more in H471 than in HHZ after the inoculation with PXO99A, suggesting that phytoalexin and SA productions were induced faster in H471 than in HHZ. Further analyses revealed that the SA content increased much more rapidly in H471 than in HHZ after the inoculation, suggesting that the SA signaling pathway was activated faster in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that during an incompatible interaction between H471 and PXO99A, rice plants prevent pathogen invasion and also initiate multi-component defense responses that inhibit disease development.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into the Interaction between Rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Background: Bacterial blight, which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a devastating rice disease worldwide. Rice introgression line H471, derived from the recurrent parent Huang-Hua-Zhan (HHZ) and the donor parent PSBRC28, exhibits broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo, including to the highly virulent Xoo strain PXO99A, whereas its parents are susceptible to PXO99A. To characterize the responses to Xoo, we compared the proteome profiles of the host and pathogen in the incompatible interaction (H471 inoculated with PXO99A) and the compatible interaction (HHZ inoculated with PXO99A).Results: In this study, a total of 374 rice differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 117 Xoo DAPs were detected in the comparison between H471 + PXO99A and HHZ + PXO99A. Most of the Xoo DAPs related to pathogen virulence, including the outer member proteins, type III secretion system proteins, TonB-dependent receptors, and transcription activator-like effectors, were less abundant in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction. The rice DAPs were mainly involved in secondary metabolic processes, including phenylalanine metabolism and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Additionally, some DAPs involved in the phenolic phytoalexin and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic pathways accumulated much more in H471 than in HHZ after the inoculation with PXO99A, suggesting that phytoalexin and SA production was induced faster in H471 than in HHZ. Further analysis revealed that the SA content in H471 increased much more rapidly after inoculation than in HHZ, suggesting that SA signaling pathway was activated faster in the incompatible interaction than in compatible interaction.Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that during an incompatible interaction between H471 and PXO99A, rice plants prevent pathogen invasion and also initiate multi-component defense responses that inhibit disease development.

Transcriptome Profiling of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Responses to Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) Infestation during A Compatible Interaction

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne javanica presents a great challenge to Solanaceae crops, including potato. In this study, we investigated transcriptional responses of potato roots during a compatible interaction with M. javanica. In this respect, differential gene expression of Solanum tuberosum cultivar (cv.) Mondial challenged with M. javanica at 0, 3 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) was profiled. In total, 4948 and 4484 genes were detected, respectively, as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 7 dpi. Functional annotation revealed that genes associated with metabolic processes were enriched, suggesting they might have an important role in M. javanica disease development. MapMan analysis revealed down-regulation of genes associated with pathogen perception and signaling suggesting interference with plant immunity system. Notably, delayed activation of pathogenesis-related genes, down-regulation of disease resistance genes, and activation of host antioxidant system contributed to a susceptible response. Nematode infestation suppressed ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway hindering JA/ET responsive genes associated with defense. Genes related to cell wall modification were differentially regulated while transport-related genes were up-regulated, facilitating the formation of nematode feeding sites (NFSs). Several families of transcription factors (TFs) were differentially regulated by M. javanica infestation. Suggesting that TFs play an indispensable role in physiological adaptation for successful M. javanica disease development. This genome-wide analysis reveals the molecular regulatory networks in potato roots which are potentially manipulated by M. javanica. Being the first study analyzing transcriptome profiling of M. javanica-diseased potato, it provides unparalleled insight into the mechanism underlying disease development.

Proteome-Wide Analyses Provide New Insights into the Compatible Interaction of Rice with the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is an important pathogen in rice, causing huge yield losses annually worldwide. Details of the interaction between rice and M. graminicola and the resistance genes in rice still remain unclear. In this study, proteome-wide analyses of the compatible interaction of the japonica rice cultivar “Nipponbare” (NPB) with M. graminicola were performed. In total, 6072 proteins were identified in NPB roots with and without infection of M. graminicola by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Of these, 513 specifically or significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified to be uniquely caused by nematode infection. Among these unique proteins, 99 proteins were enriched on seven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. By comparison of protein expression and gene transcription, LOC_Os01g06600 (ACX, a glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase), LOC_Os09g23560 (CAD, a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase), LOC_Os03g39850 (GST, a glutathione S-transferase) and LOC_Os11g11960 (RPM1, a disease resistance protein) on the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and plant–pathogen interaction pathways, respectively, were all associated with disease defense and identified to be significantly down-regulated in the compatible interaction of NPB with nematodes, while the corresponding genes were remarkably up-regulated in the roots of a resistant rice accession “Khao Pahk Maw” with infection of nematodes. These four genes likely played important roles in the compatible interaction of rice with M. graminicola. Conversely, these disease defense-related genes were hypothesized to be likely involved in the resistance of resistant rice lines to this nematode. The proteome-wide analyses provided many new insights into the interaction of rice with M. graminicola.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Insights into the Interaction between Rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Background: Bacterial blight, which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a devastating rice disease worldwide. Rice introgression line H471, derived from the recurrent parent Huang-Hua-Zhan (HHZ) and the donor parent PSBRC28, exhibits broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo, including to the highly virulent Xoo strain PXO99A, whereas its parents are susceptible to PXO99A. To characterize the responses to Xoo, we compared the proteome profiles of the host and pathogen in the incompatible interaction (H471 inoculated with PXO99A) and the compatible interaction (HHZ inoculated with PXO99A).Results: In this study, a total of 374 rice differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 117 Xoo DAPs were detected in the comparison between H471 + PXO99A and HHZ + PXO99A. Most of the Xoo DAPs related to pathogen virulence, including the outer member proteins, type III secretion system proteins, TonB-dependent receptors, and transcription activator-like effectors, were less abundant in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction. The rice DAPs were mainly involved in secondary metabolic processes, including phenylalanine metabolism and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Additionally, some DAPs involved in the phenolic phytoalexin and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic pathways accumulated much more in H471 than in HHZ after the inoculation with PXO99A, suggesting that phytoalexin and SA production was induced faster in H471 than in HHZ.Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that during an incompatible interaction between H471 and PXO99A, rice plants prevent pathogen invasion and also initiate multi-component defense responses that inhibit disease development.