Pre stimulation by gibberellic acid and the effect of extremely diluted agitated gibberellic acid on wheat stalk growth

Background: In previous multicentre studies[1,2], the influence of a homeopathic ultra high dilution of gibberellic acid on wheat growth was scrutinized. Data showed that this test dilution slowed down stalk growth when experiments were performed in autumn season. Aim: To test the hypothesis that pre treatment of grains with high concentrations of gibberellic acid will enhance the effect of the ultra high dilution of the plant hormone Methods: Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) were observed under the influence of extremely diluted gibberellic acid (10-30) prepared by stepwise dilution and agitation according to a protocol derived from homeopathy (“G30x”). Analogously prepared water was used for control (“W30x”). Grains (500 or 1000 per group) were pre treated with (not agitated) gibberellic acid 10-5, 10-4 and 10-3 (“Ge-5, Ge-4, Ge-3”) or with water (“W”) for control prior to treatment with G30x or W30x. Seedlings were allowed to develop under standardized conditions for 7 days; plants were harvested and stalk lengths were measured. Results: With regard to pre treatment, it can be seen that the groups treated with Ge-3 showed most growth, followed by the Ge-4 groups, the Ge-5 groups and the non pre treated W groups. This decline is modulated by the application of G30x and W30x (figure 1). The lower the pre treatment concentration of G, the more marked is a slowing down effect of G30x versus W30x. Conclusion: The hypothesis that pre treatment of grains with high concentrations of gibberellic acid will enhance the effect of G30x had to be rejected. In contrast, G30x slowed down stalk growth in the W group with p < 0.001 but only moderately in the Ge-5 and Ge-4 group and not at all in the Ge-3 group. Keywords: homeopathy, wheat stalk growth, gibberellic acid, high dilution References: [1] Pfleger A., Hofäcker J., Scherer-Pongratz W., Lothaller H., Reich C., Endler P.C. The effect of extremely diluted agitated gibberellic acid (10e-30) on wheat seedling development – a two researcher study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2011; 19: 164-169. [2] Endler PC, Matzer W, Reich C, Reischl T, Hartmann AM, Thieves K, Pfleger A, Hofäcker J, Lothaller H, Scherer-Pongratz W. Seasonal variation of the effect of extremely diluted agitated gibberellic acid (10e-30) on wheat stalk growth – a multi researcher study. The Scientific World Journal 2011; 11: 1667-1678.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: [email protected] for Volume 11, Number 2Andrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, Oman Tourism College, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainEmine Bala, Tishk International University, IraqGhadah Al Murshidi, The United Arab Emirates University, UAEHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaJasna Potocnik Topler, University of Maribor, SloveniaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKenan Yerli, Sakarya University, TurkeyLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaria del Mar Sanchez Ramos, University of Alcalá, SpainMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, Al-Andalus Institute of Languages University of Lahore, PakistanMaría Luisa Carrió, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, SpainMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMustafa Ar, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, IndonesiaNitin Malhotra, St. Theresa International College, Bangkok, ThailandÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyPatnarin Supakorn, Walailak University, ThailandPham Vu Phi Ho, Van Lang University, VietnamScott-Monkhouse Anila Ruth, Language Centre – University of Parma (Italy), ItalyŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaTeguh Budiharso, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Surakarta, Indonesia, IndonesiaWafi Fhaid Alshammari, University of Ha’il, Saudi ArabiaWenjie Shi, Central University of Finance and Economics, China

Comment on “Pooled analysis of Xpert bladder cancer based on the 5 mRNAs for rapid diagnosis of bladder carcinoma”

This article is a commentary on an article published in World Journal of Surgical Oncology by Liu et al. With this study, authors evaluated diagnostic accuracy of Xpert bladder cancer monitor in detecting recurrences. With this article, we highlight the strengths and limitations of the study.