Identification of Bird species in Wetlands around Siran Lake, Muara Kaman, Central Mahakam, East Kalimantan

The avifauna of tropical peat swamp forests in East Kalimantan has not been well documented because of the smallest peat area compared to central Kalimantan. The surveys were conducted using various methods in the Muara Siran peat swamp forests and surrounding areas of Lake Siran (heath forest and riparian) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. These findings were recorded on a list of 80 bird species as well as in numerous noteworthy records. Wetlands are an essential habitat for many threatened and near-threatened bird species. We also discovered Gallinula tenebrosa in Siran Lake, a species that has not been seen in over a century. However, it has a wide distribution globally, including in Australia and the United States. In the peat swamp forest, we recorded Cymbirrhinchus macrurus and Ichtyophaga humilis, rare and widely distributed. We also found Dicrurus hottentotus and Dicrurus remifer, some species of Ferruginous Babbler, Trichastoma bicolor, and the White-necked Babbler, Stachyris leucotis. The Hook-billed bulbul Setornis criniger and the Sooty capped Babbler Malacopteron affinae are found in riparian forests. There are six species of woodpecker. Dryocopus javensis, Great Slaty Woodpecker, Mulleripicus pulverulentus, Meyglyptes tukki, Picus puniceus, and Sasia abnormis. Cuckoo-shrike Coracina striata and Pitta sordia were also discovered. Wetlands (peat swamp forest, heath forest, and riparian areas) should be better protected due to their importance to many species, particularly from destruction and loss of habitat caused by forest fires.

Carbon stock potential on various land covers in heath forest in Liang Anggang, South Kalimantan

Heath forest serves as a large carbon and water storage. This study aims to obtain information on carbon storage potential of each carbon component in heat forest in Liang Anggang Protection Forest. Data collection was carried out on six types of land cover, namely: agricultural land, barren land/settlement, scrub, peat soil, and forest. The carbon components were measured such as trees, undergrowth, litter, necromass, and soil. Measurement plots were established with size of 40 x 100 m for trees and necromasses > 30 cm in size, and sub-plots measuring 5 x 40 m for trees with a diameter of 5–30 cm as many as 5 plots for each type of land cover. The understorey and litter components used a plot with size of 0.5 x 0.5 m. In tree pools, carbon stock was determined by indirect measured with alometric model, while the other was used by direct measurenment. The results showed that carbon in the soil contributed the largest potential carbon storage (> 95%) of the total carbon storage in all land cover types. The pattern of the proportion of carbon storage in this forest type was similar to the peat swamp forest type. On heat forest, carbon stock potential on scrub was 318.8 Mg/Ha and the potential of heat forest type was the lowest (256.8 Mg/Ha ). In total, the average carbon storage potential was 285.01 ± 48.78 Mg/Ha. The carbon storage at this location reached 2.99 x 105 tons of carbon, or equivalent to carbon absorption of 1,10 X 106 CO2 e ton CO2e. The large amount of carbon storage in heath forest in the study area has the potential to support diversification and optimization of land use through a carbon trading scheme. Key words: trade, agriculture, proportion, scheme, soil

An Application of Non-Parametric Method and Simple Linear Regression in Rainfall Partitioning in Tropical Lowland Forest of Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah

This study was conducted in the alluvial forest and heath forest in the lowland tropical forest of Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. The main objective was to assess how forest structure regulates rainfall partitioning in both forests. Field monitoring involved a series of forest inventory work to determine the forest stand characteristics. Mann Whitney U test was performed to compare physical characteristics between the two forests. Meanwhile rainfall partitioning was quantified by measuring the throughfall (Tf) for a period of 12 months in ten (15 x 15 m) Tf plots and a simple linear regression was conducted to obtain a regression model to estimate Tf. In terms of stand structure characteristics, data in the alluvial forest indicates wider variation. Percentage of Tf as of gross rainfall (Pg) is higher in the heath forest than in alluvial forest with the value of 89.5 % and 76.8 %, respectively. Representative trees were selected for stemflow (Sf) estimation at each forest type. The estimated Sf is 0.2 % in alluvial forest and 0.5 % in heath forest. In this study, tree diameter at breast height (Dbh) and height as well as aboveground biomass were identified to have some influence in Tf and Sf production. Keywords: rainfall partitioning; gross rainfall; throughfall; stemflow; Mann Whitney U; simple linear regression