Identification of Bird species in Wetlands around Siran Lake, Muara Kaman, Central Mahakam, East Kalimantan

The avifauna of tropical peat swamp forests in East Kalimantan has not been well documented because of the smallest peat area compared to central Kalimantan. The surveys were conducted using various methods in the Muara Siran peat swamp forests and surrounding areas of Lake Siran (heath forest and riparian) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. These findings were recorded on a list of 80 bird species as well as in numerous noteworthy records. Wetlands are an essential habitat for many threatened and near-threatened bird species. We also discovered Gallinula tenebrosa in Siran Lake, a species that has not been seen in over a century. However, it has a wide distribution globally, including in Australia and the United States. In the peat swamp forest, we recorded Cymbirrhinchus macrurus and Ichtyophaga humilis, rare and widely distributed. We also found Dicrurus hottentotus and Dicrurus remifer, some species of Ferruginous Babbler, Trichastoma bicolor, and the White-necked Babbler, Stachyris leucotis. The Hook-billed bulbul Setornis criniger and the Sooty capped Babbler Malacopteron affinae are found in riparian forests. There are six species of woodpecker. Dryocopus javensis, Great Slaty Woodpecker, Mulleripicus pulverulentus, Meyglyptes tukki, Picus puniceus, and Sasia abnormis. Cuckoo-shrike Coracina striata and Pitta sordia were also discovered. Wetlands (peat swamp forest, heath forest, and riparian areas) should be better protected due to their importance to many species, particularly from destruction and loss of habitat caused by forest fires.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Black Bean Protein Concentrate Based on the Variation of Heating Time

One type of beans that can be used as a source of protein is the black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L); because it has a sufficiently high protein content of 16.6%, it has the potential to be developed into protein concentrate. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical characteristics of black bean protein concentrate based on heating time. An experiment was carried out and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, with four levels of treatments, i.e. heating time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. The observed variables were yield, bulk density, water absorption, protein content, moisture content, and ash content. The results showed that the yield value was 7.66 - 12.11%, bulk density 0.78 - 0.81 g/mL, water absorption 1.84 - 1.97%, protein content 71.39 - 76.00%, moisture content 11.85 - 12.94% and ash content 3.30 - 3.57%.

The Role Of Customary Institutions In Natural Resource Management In Kailolo, Haruku Island

This study examined the role of sasi institutions in Kailolo negeri with the aim of 1. They are knowing the form of sasi application 2. Assessing the role of sasi institutions in natural resource management in Kailolo Haruku Island Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency. The method used in this research was qualitative, namely a survey. The study results show that sasi has legal value because it has norms and rules related to ways, habits, behaviour, and customs containing ethics and standards. The role of kewang institutions in Kailolo negeri is perfect because in managing sasi, the community and kewang are together in carrying out their respective functions and responsibilities. There are two sasi in the negeri of Kailolo, namely the Tanjung Moleo sasi and the Forest sasi, which are carried out using an auction system.

Isolation and Identification of Essential Oil Made From Kisar Sweet Orange Peels

Kisar sweet orange is an endemic fruit and primary commodity from Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku Regency - Maluku Province. Currently, Kisar sweet orangeswere only consumed as fresh fruit during this time, partially processed into juice and the peels were discarded as wastes. Kisar sweet orange peels can be processed into essential oil to increase their economic value. The essential oil made from orange peels is highly preferable, especially for the middle to upper-class consumers, for health and air-freshening purposes. This essential oil has a higher selling value. This research aims at isolating and identifying the chemical components and quality of essential oil made from Kisar sweet orange peels. This essential oil was isolated using a steam distillation method, and its chemical components were identified using GC-MS instruments.. The research results showed that the essential oil made from Kisar sweet orange peels dried with a cabinet dryer for two days utilizing the steam distillation method provides a yield of 0.53%, with its properties of specific gravity of 0.8457, refractive index of 1.4651 (20°C), acid number of 1.92, ester number of 8.05, and solubility in alcohol of 1:9. The main chemical component of the essential oil made from Kisar sweet orange peels detected by GC-MS is limonene (70.80%).

Wildlife Bio-Geography on Mangrove Communities in Saparua Island, Maluku

On the island of Nusalaut, an orange crested white cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) was found. The interviews with several community leaders from the island of Nusalaut, including Raja Negeri Sila, reveal that there have been no Cacatua moluccensis birds in recent years worldwide Nusalaut. it is predicted that the Cacatua moluccensis bird has moved to Saparua island as the closest island. This bird is no longer found because of changes in the forest's structure and composition into agricultural land for cloves (Eugenia aromatica) because it does not need shade trees. The mangrove community along the coast of the island of Saparua for the last few years has experienced various pressures of development dynamics that have disrupted their lives. Therefore, at the same time, they impact the activities of wildlife that use them as habitat. This research was conducted by applying direct and indirect survey methods to determine the types and distribution of the mangrove community's wildlife inhabitants, both permanently and temporally. Seven species of mammals use the mangrove communities in Saparua Bay, Haria Bay and Tuhaha Bay, nine reptile species, and 18 species of birds.