Model Trade-Off Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas dalam Manajemen Modal Kerja pada Perusahaan Ritel yang Tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tingkat modal kerja, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas, serta mengetahui proporsi modal kerja yang efisien pada perusahaan ritel yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2009-2013. Aplikasi model trade-off dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan goal programming model yang terdiri dari rasio target dan batasan tiap variabel. Rasio target mencakup current ratio, working capital turnover ratio, fixed assets turnover ratio, dan profit margin. Variabel-variabel yang dimaksud meliputi cash, marketable securities, account receivable, inventory, current liabilities, fixed assets, sales, dan profit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 perusahaan ritel yang sudah menggunakan modal kerja secara efisien dibanding rata-rata industri, dengan menghasilkan opportunity loss bernilai negatif. Terdapat 7 perusahaan ritel masih kurang efisien dalam menggunakan modal kerjanya dengan menghasilkan opportunity loss positif. Penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi terhadap masing-masing perusahaan terkait proporsi modal kerja yang sesuai dengan target industri

Bid-Based Priority Signal Control in a Connected Environment: Concept

Though the loss of time is considered equivalent to opportunity loss, little research has been conducted in the field of signal control that accounts for individual differences in subjective opportunity loss. Because bids reflect the subjective valuation of opportunity loss, this paper introduces the concept of a bid-based priority signal control that accommodates indeterministic characteristics of queue formation in a connected environment and addresses several key elements of such a concept. Within this conception, drivers can bid for their desired signal indication. Based on these bids, an algorithm extends a green interval as long as the cumulative opportunity loss observed in stopped movements remains less than the value that would be lost through the termination of that green interval. The effects of this new type of control on user benefit and queueing delay were assessed using the asymmetric simple exclusion process. Simulation results showed that the bid-based priority signal control produced a greater subjective user benefit when measured in relation to a pre-timed control with a similar green interval. In addition, the bid-based priority signal kept the average maximum queue length relatively equal to its pre-timed equivalent. The bid-based priority signal control also balanced out the expected values of user benefit in conflicting movements. Bid-based signal priority control was recommended for further study to investigate the effects of bidding distributions on effectiveness and queue length in high-fidelity microsimulations.

OPPORTUNITY LOSS ANALYSIS OF DISCHARGE AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE (DAMA) AT INPATIENT UNIT OF TYPE A HOSPITAL IN SURABAYA

Background: Patients who Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA) will experience the opportunity loss. DAMA will result in opportunity loss for patients to get treatment and cure their illness. For hospitals, DAMA patients will cause the opportunity loss for hospitals to provide services to patients.Aim: The purpose of this research was to analyze the opportunity loss as the result of DAMA patient. Methods: The method used in this research was a descriptive research. The samples were chosen from the total sample of inpatient population who did DAMA as many as 77 medical records. The inclusive samples were doctors who were responsible for other doctors and dentists as well as inpatient medical records. Meanwhile, the exclusive samples were doctors who are not responsible for other doctors and dentists as well as inpatient medical records. Data analysis used Microsoft Excel to see the total and percentage of DAMA patients.Results: The number of DAMA patients was 77 patients. The highest number of DAMA patients was those in grade 3 as many as 25%. It happened because the grade 3 was cheaper than others. As many as 65% of DAMA patients paid hospital fees using general payments. Patients felt free to discharge themselves from the hospitals because they funded on their own. The majority of DAMA patients were type 2 DM patients amounted to 12% because they assumed they could carry out self-care at home.Conclusions: DAMA patients caused opportunity loss and no Social Security Agency for Health (BPJS Kesehatan) guarantees. Therefore, the hospital has to form a policy to prevent patients from DAMA, notify and ask patients’ reasons of doing DAMA, so the hospital can use these as information for hospital service evaluation. Keywords: Opportunity loss, DAMA, Hospital.

Opportunity Loss Minimization and Newsvendor Behavior

To study the decision bias in newsvendor behavior, this paper introduces an opportunity loss minimization criterion into the newsvendor model with backordering. We apply the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure to hedge against the potential risks from newsvendor’s order decision. We obtain the optimal order quantities for a newsvendor to minimize the expected opportunity loss and CVaR of opportunity loss. It is proven that the newsvendor’s optimal order quantity is related to the density function of market demand when the newsvendor exhibits risk-averse preference, which is inconsistent with the results in Schweitzer and Cachon (2000). The numerical example shows that the optimal order quantity that minimizes CVaR of opportunity loss is bigger than expected profit maximization (EPM) order quantity for high-profit products and smaller than EPM order quantity for low-profit products, which is different from the experimental results in Schweitzer and Cachon (2000). A sensitivity analysis of changing the operation parameters of the two optimal order quantities is discussed. Our results confirm that high return implies high risk, while low risk comes with low return. Based on the results, some managerial insights are suggested for the risk management of the newsvendor model with backordering.

AXIOLOGY ARBITRATION VALUE RULING IN THE CASE SETTLEMENT TRADE (Case Study Decision Of Supreme Court Number : 199 K / Pdt.Sus / 2012)

The existence of the Indonesian National Arbitration Board (BANI) in Indonesia that still exist to this day is one manifestation of diakomodasinya patterns of dispute resolution outside the court. Legal Considerations Application Reasons Cancellation Arbitral Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution in Supreme Court Decision No. 199 K / Pdt.Sus / 2012 Relation Ensure Legal Certainty In the disputing parties are legal considerations of the cancellation decision was not all acceptance or rejection of the cancellation request arbitration decision based on legal grounds contained in Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999. Act No. 30 of 1999 on the ADR needs to be improved, especially the explanation of article 60 and article 70 which could lead to legal uncertainty for justice seekers among businesses in the dispute and the opportunity loss of trust businesses to resolve the dispute out of court through arbitration institution (the Arbitration Tribunal Ad-Hoc, BANI, etc.)