A Comparison between odd magic squares use in cryptographic algorithms.

This paper has been developed to compare encryption algorithms based on individual magic squares and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm or method. Where some positions of the magic square are assigned to the key and the remaining positions are assigned to the message, then the rows, columns and diagonals are summed and these results are as ciphertext and in the process of decryption the equations are arranged and solved by Gauss elimination metod. All algorithms were applied to encrypte the text and images, as well as using both GF(P) and GF(28), and the speed and complexity were calculated. The speed of MS9 by using GF(P) is 15.09085 Millie Second, while by using GF(28) it will be 18.94268 Millie Second, and the complexity is the value of the ASCII code raised to the exponent of the number of message locations multiplied by the value of the prime number raised to the exponent of the number of key locations.

Simulation and Analysis of Grid Formation Method for UAV Clusters Based on the 3 × 3 Magic Square and the Chain Rules of Visual Reference

Large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formations are vulnerable to disintegration under electromagnetic interference and fire attacks. To address this issue, this work proposed a distributed formation method of UAVs based on the 3 × 3 magic square and the chain rules of visual reference. Enlightened by the biomimetic idea of the plane formation of starling flocks, this method adopts the technical means of airborne vision and a cooperative target. The topological structure of the formation’s visual reference network showed high static stability under the measurement of the network connectivity index. In addition, the dynamic self-healing ability of this network was analyzed. Finally, a simulation of a battlefield using matlab showed that, when the loss of UAVs reaches 85% for formations with different scales, the UAVs breaking formation account for 5.1–6% of the total in the corresponding scale, and those keeping formation account for 54.4–65.7% of the total undestroyed fleets. The formation method designed in this paper can maintain the maximum number of UAVs in formation on the battlefield.

Hide Secret Script Encryption in Video Frames Based on Magic Square

This article hides mystery texts in vidiums using cipher mystery message in vidiums, the objective that work is conceal big datum in frame of video. The fast of increase in rising speed communication nets technologies and make to forward of datum is simple. Thus, it can be suggested modern manner for conceal mystery texts that big size into frame of vidium efficiently, powerful and height capacity. This system depends on of three main steps: the first step: partition texts and ciphering, the second step: partition vidium to a collection of frames, and the final step: hide mystery texts in frame of vidium uses mystery key is magic square. The outcomes of system are excellent in conceal big text without sensible by attacker, through utilized the evaluation of system in each vidium frame in "PSNR, MSE, Entropy, Histogram, and correlation coefficient".

Magic Square and Arrangement of Consecutive Integers That Avoids k-Term Arithmetic Progressions

In 1977, Davis et al., proposed a method to generate an arrangement of [n]={1,2,…,n} that avoids three-term monotone arithmetic progressions. Consequently, this arrangement avoids k-term monotone arithmetic progressions in [n] for k≥3. Hence, we are interested in finding an arrangement of [n] that avoids k-term monotone arithmetic progression, but allows k−1-term monotone arithmetic progression. In this paper, we propose a method to rearrange the rows of a magic square of order 2k−3 and show that this arrangement does not contain a k-term monotone arithmetic progression. Consequently, we show that there exists an arrangement of n consecutive integers such that it does not contain a k-term monotone arithmetic progression, but it contains a k−1-term monotone arithmetic progression.

A New Block Cipher Algorithm Using Magic Square of Order Five and Galois Field Arithmetic with Dynamic Size Block

<p class="0abstract">This paper describes the development of encryption algorithms using the magic square of order 5 and Multi-level keys with the addition of Matrix keys to increase implementation speed and complexity. This work relied mainly on the magic sum and some equations that were added as an improvement on previous work. Multi-level keys were used for three different message sizes, and an additional key matrix with size 5×5 was used to add more complexity. The proposed work was performed using both GF(P) and GF(2⁸). Results were compared with the MS3, they have been found good, with acceptable speed and high complexity where it was (P)⁹ × (256)¹⁶ in the first algorithm, (P)⁹ × (256)¹⁶ × 3 in the second algorithm, and (P)⁹ × (256)¹⁶ × 3 × (P)²⁵ in the third algorithm, the complexity changed according to the chosen value of N randomness, in addition to speed, complexity, NIST calculations have been performed for texts and histogram calculations for different images were calculated and compared as well.</p>

Assessment of Yemen’s macroeconomy performance during 2001-2015 using Kaldor’s magic square

Assessing a certain country’s macro-economy performance faces innumerable challenges, of which the most important ones are running counter to the objectives of economic policy. Added to these challenges is the absence of a consensus among economists regarding the identification of variables, which can be taken for granted while assessing a country’s macro-economy performance? The present study aims at assessing Yemen’s macro-economy performance during the period 2001-2015 using the four economic variables (economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and current account) that constitute Kaldor’s Magic Square chart of 1971. To avoid challenges connected with variables’ measurement, the economic welfare indicator has been used. The findings show a drastic deterioration in the level of economic welfare during the period mentioned above, with an impressive decrease in the value of economic welfare from 0.36 in 2001 to zero in 2015 as the magic square scale showed. Assessing the economic performance during the period showed that the economic performance in 2001 was better than that of 2015, with a departure of Yemen’s economic performance from the performance of the wonderland economy. Hence, Yemen’s economy can be described as an ill-performance economy, basically due to the high averages of unemployment and inflation.