From classifiers to applicatives in Mojeño Trinitario: A new source for applicative markers

Well attested diachronic sources for applicative markers are adpositions and verbs. Nominal sources are regarded as dubious, although nouns have been argued to have developed into applicatives in some languages (such as Murrinhpatha, in Nordlinger (this issue). In this paper, I argue for a previously unreported source for applicatives, by presenting the possible applicative function of the classifiers of Mojeño Trinitario (Arawak, Bolivia), based on a large corpus of texts collected in the field. While classifiers within verbs derive prototypical applicative constructions, they show unusual properties as applicatives, namely in their semantics. The applicative markers are selected according to the physical properties of the referent of the applied object, rather than its semantic role within the sentence. And although most of the classifiers show no similarity to free nominal lexemes in the present state of the language, the classifiers found in Mojeño Trinitario verbs are very likely derived historically from nominal incorporation, a typical path of development. Mojeño Trinitario data offer new evidence for the possibility of elements derived from nouns to be reanalyzed as morphological applicative markers.

SIGNS AND FAILURE PATH OF RUSSIAN PROJECTS

In the article, based on the results of the research of Russian projects of failed, the authors determine the need to increase the definition of project success. They add important criterion - the added value for a company and applicability of project results in operation. For systematize the reasons for the failure of projects, the article proposes the elementary taxonomy consisting of 2 groups. The presence of factors of the first group, the project definitely will not be successful upon completion. The presence of factors of the second group, the project can be completed within the budget and in the schedule, but the quality of the project results will suffer greatly, making them inapplicable in operations. The authors determine 4 types of state that the project lives while moving toward failure, thereby determining the typical path of degradation of project management. For identify the failure of the project, the authors propose to apply the early and late signs indicated in the article. To save the project, the authors indicate their recommendations, which are to stop and re-plan the project.

The market between symbolic violence and emancipation: The case of female hardcore gamers

This article seeks to understand the process of market-based identity-building by looking at the life stories of female hardcore gamers. A dual theoretical framework is used: identity-building through consumption and gender via symbolic violence. Analysis of the meaning attributed to the underlying consumption practices and identity mindsets in the face of a masculine market norm reveals the following: (1) the relationship between female hardcore gamers and the gendered norm of the gaming market for hyper-players; (2) the ways in which this norm is appropriated and (3) the typical path of the female gamers concerned. The findings enable a discussion about the notion of symbolic violence driven by the market, where gender becomes an identity resource that can be manipulated through consumption practices that can lead to a certain emancipation, primarily linked to the possession of capital.