crowding effects
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2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marins ◽  
P. F. Cristaldo ◽  
L. R. Paiva ◽  
O. Miramontes ◽  
O. DeSouza

Abstract Behavioral lab bioassays involving termites must be promptly performed to allow intended observations prior to death from dissecation, typical of these soft-bodied insects. To this end, topic markers have been proposed as an alternative to histological stains which, while not always toxic are inevitably lengthy to apply. Among recommended topic markers, gouache is easy to apply, dries out quickly, but it is known affect termites in the long run, being suitable only to short-term bioassays. Its alternative, colored glue, is also easy to apply, but it takes long to dry and it is too dense and heavy, being thus prone to affect termite walking patterns. Here we tested a mix of gouache and colored glue aiming to combine the qualities of both into a suitable topical marker for Cornitermes cumulans termites. Similar patterns of survival presented by marked and unmarked termites ruled out concerns about toxicity of this mixture. Such results were consistent across distinct group densities evidencing that the mixture does not interfere with, nor it is affected by, crowding effects. Because crowding regulates interindividual interactions and these underlie most behaviors, the mixture can be thought to be suitable to behavioral studies. We argue that this 1:2 glue:gouache mixture is an excellent alternative to mark termites for lab bioassays. Being atoxic, cheap, easy to apply, and non-invasive, this mixture may happen to be useful not only for termites but also in bioassaying other similarly soft-bodied insects.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bosco Lliso ◽  
Paola Arias‐Arévalo ◽  
Stefany Maca‐Millán ◽  
Stefanie Engel ◽  
Unai Pascual

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Oliveira Santini ◽  
Wagner Junior Ladeira ◽  
Diego Costa Pinto ◽  
Marcia Maurer Herter ◽  
Anna S. Mattila ◽  
...  

PurposeAlthough academics and retail managers share a common belief that crowded stores generate more sales, there is a growing concern about the negative impact of retail crowding on customer relationship management (CRM). This research aims to understand the underlying processes driving the effect, and it explores potential moderators that may mitigate the negative effects on consumer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs a meta-analysis on retail crowding effects and potential moderators.FindingsThe integrative model of retail crowding reveals that social needs, crowd similarity, crowd expectation and uncertainty avoidance mitigate the negative retail crowding effects on satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors advance the retailing literature by synthesizing recent studies on retail crowding. The findings also provide a clearer understanding of the mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between retail crowding and satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis research offers guidance for retail managers on how to mitigate the harmful effects of crowding on customer satisfaction.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the retailing literature and offers guidance for retailers on how to mitigate the harmful effects of crowding on cvustomer satisfaction. Our moderation analyses provide insights into how and when crowding drives consumer satisfaction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 024903
Author(s):  
Rahul Sahu ◽  
Divya Nayar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Bonucci ◽  
Martina Palomino-Schätzlein ◽  
Paula Malo de Molina ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Roberta Pierattelli ◽  
...  

The intracellular environment is crowded with macromolecules, including sugars, proteins and nucleic acids. In the cytoplasm, crowding effects are capable of excluding up to 40% of the volume available to any macromolecule when compared to dilute conditions. NUPR1 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) involved in cell-cycle regulation, stress-cell response, apoptosis processes, DNA binding and repair, chromatin remodeling and transcription. Simulations of molecular crowding predict that IDPs can adopt compact states, as well as more extended conformations under crowding conditions. In this work, we analyzed the conformation and dynamics of NUPR1 in the presence of two synthetic polymers, Ficoll-70 and Dextran-40, which mimic crowding effects in the cells, at two different concentrations (50 and 150 mg/ml). The study was carried out by using a multi-spectroscopic approach, including: site-directed spin labelling electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (SDSL-EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), circular dichroism (CD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). SDSL-EPR spectra of two spin-labelled mutants indicate that there was binding with the crowders and that the local dynamics of the C and N termini of NUPR1 were partially affected by the crowders. However, the overall disordered nature of NUPR1 did not change substantially in the presence of the crowders, as shown by circular dichroism CD and NMR, and further confirmed by EPR. The changes in the dynamics of the paramagnetic probes appear to be related to preferred local conformations and thus crowding agents partially affect some specific regions, further pinpointing that NUPR1 flexibility has a key physiological role in its activity.


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