passive power
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Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Nien-Che Yang ◽  
Danish Mehmood

Harmonic distortion in power systems is a significant problem, and it is thus necessary to mitigate critical harmonics. This study proposes an optimal method for designing passive power filters (PPFs) to suppress these harmonics. The design of a PPF involves multi-objective optimization. A multi-objective bee swarm optimization (MOBSO) with Pareto optimality is implemented, and an external archive is used to store the non-dominated solutions obtained. The minimum Manhattan distance strategy was used to select the most balanced solution in the Pareto solution set. A series of case studies are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method. Therefore, the proposed method has a very promising future not only in filter design but also in solving other multi-objective optimization problems.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
Jianan Tang ◽  
Tong Zhang

Faced with key obstacles, such as the short driving range, long charging time, and limited volume allowance of battery−−powered electric light scooters in Asian cities, the aim of this study is to present a passive fuel cell/battery hybrid system without DC−−DC to ensure a compact volume and low cost. A novel topology structure of the passive fuel cell/battery power system for the electric light scooter is proposed, and the passive power system runs only on hydrogen. The power performance and efficiency of the passive power system are evaluated by a self−developed test bench before installation into the scooters. The results of this study reveal that the characteristics of stable power output, quick response, and the average efficiency are as high as 88% during the Shanghainese urban driving cycle and 89.5% during the Chinese standard driving cycle. The results present the possibility that this passive fuel cell/battery hybrid powertrain system without DC−DC is practical for commercial scooters.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3187
Author(s):  
Nien-Che Yang ◽  
Danish Mehmood ◽  
Kai-You Lai

Passive power filters (PPFs) are most effective in mitigating harmonic pollution from power systems; however, the design of PPFs involves several objectives, which makes them a complex multiple-objective optimization problem. This study proposes a method to achieve an optimal design of PPFs. We have developed a new multi-objective optimization method based on an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm with a minimum Manhattan distance. Four different types of PPFs, namely, single-tuned, second-order damped, third-order damped, and C-type damped order filters, and their characteristics were considered in this study. A series of case studies have been presented to prove the efficiency and better performance of the proposed method over previous well-known algorithms.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6408
Author(s):  
Nien-Che Yang ◽  
Sun-Wei Liu

This paper proposes an optimal design method to suppress critical harmonics and improve the power factor by using passive power filters (PPFs). The main objectives include (1) minimizing the total harmonic distortion of voltage and current, (2) minimizing the initial investment cost, and (3) maximizing the total fundamental reactive power compensation. A methodology based on teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) and Pareto optimality is proposed and used to solve this multi-objective PPF design problem. The proposed method is integrated with both external archive and fuzzy decision making. The sub-group search strategy and teacher selection strategy are used to improve the diversity of non-dominated solutions (NDSs). In addition, a selection mechanism for topology combinations for PPFs is proposed. A series of case studies are also conducted to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method. With the proposed selection mechanisms for the topology combinations and parameters for PPFs, the best compromise solution for a complete PPF design is achieved.


Author(s):  
Prof. Roopa C

In an electrical power grid, for an equal amount of usable power transmitted, a load with a coffee power factor draws more current than a load with a small power factor. The higher currents increase the loss of energy in the distribution network and require larger wires and other equipment. Due to the costs of larger equipment and waste energy, electrical utilities will usually charge a much higher cost to industrial or commercial customers where a low power factor is present. Low-power factor linear loads (such as induction motors) are often corrected with a passive condenser or inductor network. The present drawn from the system is distorted by non-linear loads, like rectifiers. In such cases, the correction of the active or passive power factor may also counteract the distortion and lift the factor of the facility. The facility factor correction devices may also be installed at a central substation, opened over a distribution grid, or built into power-consuming equipment.


Author(s):  
Stathis Psillos

Stathis Psillos explores a fundamental ontological puzzle pertaining to powers, in the editors’ opinion perhaps the most fundamental one, namely the internal coherence of their dual nature. On the one hand, powers are intrinsic properties of their objects. They are really and truly predicated of their subjects because they are, strictly speaking, constituents of their subjects. Thus their beings are tied to their objects in a way that makes the rest of the world irrelevant for them, and this way is typically characterized through a counterfactual: even if everything else in the world were different, or if nothing else existed in the world, object X would possess any and all powers Φ‎ that it now possesses in the actual world. But, on the other hand, powers are also directed toward their manifestations. This notion of directed is somewhat vague and difficult to nail down, but at the very least it prima facie implies that powers in some important way depend on something external to them and their object. The implication and its externality are crystal clear in most cases: an active/passive power requires the existence of its co-relative as a necessary condition for that power’s ever being manifested. And insofar as the existence of a power depends on the possibility of its being manifested, the existence of any power Φ‎ now seems to require the existence of its co-relatives and, consequently, the bearers of those co-relatives.


IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 45399-45399
Author(s):  
Mohit Bajaj ◽  
Naveen Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mukesh Pushkarna ◽  
Hasmat Malik ◽  
Majed A. Alotaibi ◽  
...  

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