Environmental pollution with xenobiotics is a global problem and development of inventive remediation technologies for the decontamination of impacted sites are therefore of paramount importance. Phytoremediation capitalizes on plant systems for removal of pollutants from the environment. Phytoremediation is a low maintenance remediation strategy and less destructive than physical or chemical remediation. Phytoremediation may occur directly through uptake, translocation into plant shoots and metabolism (phytodegradation) or volatilization (phytovolatilization) or indirectly through plant-microbe-contaminant interactions within plant root zones (rhizospheres). In recent years, researchers have engineered plants with genes that can bestow superior degradation abilities. Thus, phytoremediation can be more explored, demonstrated, and/or implemented for the cleanup of metal contaminants, inorganic pollutants, and organic contaminants.