Comparison of Voltage Regulation of a Smart Load for 3 Bus System and 15 Bus System under High Penetration of Wind Energy System

Modern study about utilizing energy from renewable energy sources was stimulus due to emerging oil crisis in older days due to uncontrolled use of conventional energy sources. Renewable Power Generation from wind and solar energy has become a significant proportion for the overall power generation in the grid. High penetration of Renewable Power Generation (RPG’s) effectreliable operation of bulk power system due to fluctuation of frequency and voltage of the network. The main objectives of high penetration of Renewable Power Generations in distribution system are Regulation of voltage, Mitigating voltage fluctuations due to flickers and Frequency control. The design and control of voltage regulation system using smart loads (SL’s) under large penetration of renewable energy system in distribution level is to be studied with the help of FACT devices like Static Compensator (STATCOM) and It is one of the fast active devices with accurate voltage regulation capability and most importantly for the sensitive/critical loads. Electric spring (ES) is proposed as compelling technique for guideline of framework voltage under fluctuating RPG's with next to no guide of correspondence framework [1]. It is a converter-based framework with self-commutated switches in span design, which is associated with non-basic burdens in series to go about as savvy load. These Smart Loads are controlled to direct voltage across basic burdens and hence partaking popular side administration. Expanded entrance of RPG’s, basically factor speed wind energy transformation framework is having impact on voltage and power quality [1][2]. In this paper, A contextual analysis of impact of variable speed wind energy framework on voltage is completed and which is demonstrated with fluctuating breeze speed. Execution examination of keen burdens are to be contrasted and existing receptive power compensator burdens and Improvement in voltage profile on test feeder is directed on a 3 Bus system and 15 Bus system. Keywords: Renewable energy system (RES), Electric spring (ES), STATCOM, Voltage Flicker, Smart load

The Design of the Swiss Feed-In Tariff

In light of climate change mitigation and the transformation of the energy sector, many jurisdictions have adopted deployment policies for renewable energy (RE) technologies. Several RE deployment policy instruments have diffused from frontrunner countries to other jurisdictions. Switzerland implemented its first comprehensive RE support policy with the adoption of a cost-covering and technology-specific feed-in tariff in 2009, following Germany’s example. Yet, policy designs look very different in the two countries and, importantly, also result in different policy outcomes. In this chapter, we examine the reasons for these policy design differences. We unpack the design of the Swiss feed-in tariff and analyze which of the policy’s elements were directly adopted from Germany and which were accommodated to the Swiss context and why. In particular, we compare the specific instrument designs for two renewable power generation technologies, solar photovoltaics (PV) and biomass, and study the role of technology-related actors in shaping these policy designs. We draw from the policy diffusion and policy transfer literatures and offer important extensions to the literature by showing that, instead of entire policies, it is possible that only certain design elements of a policy diffuse from one jurisdiction to another. Additionally, we find that the composition of the existing technology-related actor bases in the donor and recipient countries is important in determining whether the accommodation of the design elements to the domestic context occurs.

The next stage of green electricity labeling

The labeling of electricity is considered an important mechanism to differentiate renewable power generation and, thus, to incentivize the expansion of green energy. However, today's systems for documenting and trading green energy certificates suffer from multiple challenges. These could be addressed by a digital solution that holistically collects and processes production and consumption data. Blockchain-based architectures have repeatedly been suggested for this purpose since they can provide transparency and can likely be accepted by a broad group of stakeholders. Yet, there are significant scalability and privacy issues of a blockchain-based approach for storing and processing fine-grained production and consumption data. In this paper, we propose and discuss a potential solution that levers succinct cryptographic zero-knowledge proofs to balance the required level of transparency and privacy while at the same time providing a high degree of scalability.

Research on the New Topology and Coordinated Control Strategy of Renewable Power Generation Connected MMC-Based DC Power Grid Integration System

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) station connected to the islanded renewable energy generation system needs to adopt the voltage frequency (VF) control to provide AC voltage. The single-pole converter fault will unbalance the input and output power of the DC power grid, which causes the DC voltage or the bridge arm current of the non-fault pole to exceed the protection value in the time scale of tens to hundreds of milliseconds, leading to cascading failures. To realize the fault ride-through (FRT) of single-pole converter fault, this paper analyzes the electrical characteristic of the system. Based on the analysis, the existing topology is optimized and the reasonable operation reserved margin is designed. Furthermore, the corresponding control strategy is proposed, which can not only ensure the single-pole converter block fault ride-through but can also realize economic, stable, and resilient power supply and address asymmetrical problems. Finally, the simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC and the simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.