Rare case series: iniencephaly, conjoined twins and anencephaly

A discovery is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind. This quote is true when we happen to see certain rare cases which we could not diagnose unless we are aware. The aim of this presentation is to bring attention of cases like Iniencephaly, conjoined twins, Anencephaly to our medical fraternity and the need to focus still more on health need of the women in reproductive age group in particular. This is also to highlight the benefits of periconceptional Folic acid supplementation and need for intense antenatal surveillance programmes and proper genetic counselling to affected parents.

Antenatal Diagnosis of Parapagus Conjoined Twins: 3D Virtual and 3D Physical Models

Conjoined twins (CTs) are a rare complication from monochorionic and monoamniotic twin pregnancies. We describe the use of 3D technologies, including 3D virtual and 3D physical models on prenatal evaluation of one parapagus CT. A 16-year-old G1P0 woman was referred for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical evaluation of a CT at 28 weeks of gestation. 3D images of the fetal surface were generated by the software during the examination for spatial comprehension of the relationship between the fetal parts. The pair of CTs died at the 32nd week of gestation, a few hours after cesarean section. 3D technologies are an important tool for parental counseling and preparation of the multidisciplinary care team for delivery and neonatal assistance and possible surgical planning for postnatal separation in CTs cases.

A case of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins with intrauterine death

Conjoined twins or Siamese twins are identical twins that are joined in utero. The original Siamese twins were born in Siam (now Thailand) in 1811. They were males and lived for about 62 years. Incidence being 1 in 49,000 births to 1 in 1,89,000 births, this phenomenon is very rare. Approximate half are stillborn and one- third die within 24 hours of birth. Five types of conjoint twins are classically described, thoracopagus, omphalopagus, pygopagus, ischiopagus and craniopagus. With a reported incidence of 74-75% of all conjoint twins, Thoracopagus is the most common type. Omphalopagus with an incidence of 0.5% is the least common. Here we are reporting a case of thoraco-omphalopagus twin pregnancy with intra uterine death delivered by hysterotomy.

Conjoined twins in dichorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy: a report of three cases and literature review

Background Conjoined twins are a rare and serious complication of monochorionic twins. The total incidence is 1.5 per 100,000 births, and about 50% are liveborn. Prenatal screening and diagnosis of conjoined twins is usually performed by ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging can be used to assist in the diagnosis if necessary. Conjoined twins in dichorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy are extremely rare. Case presentation We reported three cases of dichorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy with conjoined twins. Due to the poor prognosis of conjoined twins evaluated by multidisciplinary teams, selective termination of conjoined twins was performed in three cases. In case 1, selective reduction of the conjoined twins was performed at 16 gestational weeks, and a healthy female baby weighing 3270 g was delivered at 37 weeks. In case 2, the conjoined twins were selectively terminated at 17 weeks of gestation, and a healthy female baby weighing 2760 g was delivered at 37 weeks and 4 days. In case 3, the conjoined twins were selectively terminated at 15 weeks and 2 days, and a healthy female baby weighing 2450 g was delivered at 33 weeks and 6 days. The babies of all three cases were followed up and are in good health. Conclusion(s) Surgical separation is the only treatment for conjoined twins after birth. Early determination of chorionicity and antenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins in triplet gestations are critical for individualized management options and the prognosis of normal triplets. Expecting parents should be extensively counseled by multidisciplinary teams. If there are limitations in successful separation after birth, early selective termination of the conjoined twins by intrathoracic injection of potassium chloride may be a procedure in dichorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy to improve perinatal outcomes of the normal triplet.

Deradelphous Cephalothoracoomphalopagus in kittens - case report

ABSTRACT The present report describes a case of conjoined twins of the cephalo-thoraco-omphalopagus deradelphous type in cats. A feline female was transferred to our veterinary hospital as an emergency for dystocic labor. The stillborn was subjected to radiographic evaluation, and a single skull and two complete distinct vertebral columns were found. Anatomopathological examination revealed that the twins presented the head, chest, and umbilicus as the main points of union and were classified as the cephalo-thoraco-omphalopagus type. In addition, the twins had unique and well-developed faces, which allowed them to be classified as deradelphous. This malformation is rare in domestic animals, and to the best of our knowledge, this type has not been reported in felines. Further studies are warranted on this embryonic alteration, primarily because its etiology remains unknown.