Research on 500kV Transformer on-load Tap Changer Fault Treatment and Physical Properties Testing

This article introduces the intermittent increase of acetylene content in the oil during the operation of a 500kV start-up substation of a power generation company. It is preliminarily judged that there is spark discharge in the oil chromatographic analysis and on-site partial discharge test. After returning to the factory for maintenance and internal inspection, it was found that the movable contact and the fixed contact of the selected part of the on-load tap-changer were not connected in place, which caused intermittent spark discharge and continued to increase acetylene. The problem is solved by adjusting the number of turns of the gear when the tap switch is switched forward and backward, and the transformer resumes normal operation.

The next generation leased line telecommunication protection for high voltage substation

Telecommunication circuits and leased lines have been in use for controlling substations for many years. These circuits have usually been engineered according to set standards however recent studies have shown that the parameters used for engineering the telecommunication circuits have various design flaws that may put these circuits. in jeopardy during a local substation fault. The existing protection scheme for SolarI wind and other relevant power generating farms are such that if they lose communication with the local Utility Transmission Station (UTS)I the UTS automatically trips a local breaker and knocks the generation plant off the grid this could mean thousands of dollars in lost revenue for the generation company hence even a minor flaw in the telecommunication circuits can have a significant impact on the substation control system. This case study reviews the challenges of designing these telecommunication circuits for control and monitoring of substations and also reviews the case study performed by Hydro Quebec on the concept of Zone of Influence. In addition this study also proposes an alternate telecommunication model that when implemented will be able to withstand all the challenges of designing a circuits for the high voltage substation.

The next generation leased line telecommunication protection for high voltage substation

Telecommunication circuits and leased lines have been in use for controlling substations for many years. These circuits have usually been engineered according to set standards however recent studies have shown that the parameters used for engineering the telecommunication circuits have various design flaws that may put these circuits. in jeopardy during a local substation fault. The existing protection scheme for SolarI wind and other relevant power generating farms are such that if they lose communication with the local Utility Transmission Station (UTS)I the UTS automatically trips a local breaker and knocks the generation plant off the grid this could mean thousands of dollars in lost revenue for the generation company hence even a minor flaw in the telecommunication circuits can have a significant impact on the substation control system. This case study reviews the challenges of designing these telecommunication circuits for control and monitoring of substations and also reviews the case study performed by Hydro Quebec on the concept of Zone of Influence. In addition this study also proposes an alternate telecommunication model that when implemented will be able to withstand all the challenges of designing a circuits for the high voltage substation.

Measuring Financial Impacts of the Renewable Energy Based Fiscal Policy in Colombia under Electricity Price Uncertainty

This paper analyses the financial implications, from the point of view of an investor in renewable energy, which sells the energy for an uncertain price of electricity and decides to take advantage of the Colombian tax policy over the renewable energy. The policy, known as Investment Tax Allowance (ITA), encourages installation of renewable projects in a country traditionally dominated by hydro power. Price is modeled as a non-stationary autoregressive stochastic process with normally distributed error terms. Costs, and uncertain revenue and taxes are considered to assess the financial impact on a solar project when the policy is implemented. Since impact varies according to project ownership, two cases are evaluated: a generation company (GENCO-1) that only owns the solar project; and, an existent generation company (GENCO-2) that owns a portfolio of projects. Results indicate that if ITA is applied, it is likely that the GENCO-1 cannot take the full advantage of the incentive, as opposed to the GENCO-2. Although this policy might not satisfy planner objectives since it does not guarantee the construction of significantly high capacity of new renewable energy projects, it definitely represents an attractive mechanism to decrease tax obligations at the GENCO-2 level. Finally, a theoretical analysis shows that investment cost affects the mean of the present value; whereas tax rates impacts both its mean and standard deviation.

Business Models for Distributed-Simulation Orchestration and Risk Management

Nowadays, industries are implementing heterogeneous systems from different domains, backgrounds, and operating systems. Manufacturing systems are becoming more and more complex, which forces engineers to manage the complexity in several aspects. Technical complexities bring interoperability, risk management, and hazards issues that must be taken into consideration, from the business model design to the technical implementation. To solve the complexities and the incompatibilities between heterogeneous components, several distributed and cosimulation standards and tools can be used for data exchange and interconnection. High-level architecture (HLA) and functional mockup interface (FMI) are the main international standards used for distributed and cosimulation. HLA is mainly used in academic and defense domains while FMI is mostly used in industry. In this article, we propose an HLA/FMI implementation with a connection to an external business process-modeling tool called Papyrus. Papyrus is configured as a master federate that orchestrates the subsimulations based on the above standards. The developed framework is integrated with external heterogeneous components through an FMI interface. This framework is developed with the aim of bringing interoperability to a system used in a power generation company.

Finding Multiple Equilibria for Raiffa–Kalai–Smorodinsky and Nash Bargaining Equilibria in Electricity Markets: A Bilateral Contract Model

In a deregulated market, energy can be exchanged like a commodity and the market agents including generators, distributors, and the end consumers can trade energy independently settling the price, volume, and the supply terms. Bilateral contracts (BCs) have been applied to hedge against price volatility in the electricity spot market. This work introduces a model to find all solutions for the equilibria implementing the Raiffa–Kalai–Smorodinski (RKS) and the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) approaches in an electricity market based on BCs. It is based on creating “holes” around an existing equilibrium within the feasibility set, yielding a new (smaller) feasibility set at each iteration. This research has two players: a generation company (GC) and an electricity supplier company (ESC), aiming to achieve the highest profit for each of them. The results present all possible RKS and NBS, in addition to showing all assigned energies for a case study at different time frames. The multiple equilibria solutions allow the ESC and the GC to apply different strategies knowing that they can still achieve an optimal solution.