Immersion ultrasonic transducers

The principles of operation and design of immersion ultrasonic transducers developed by the authors for excitation and reception of elastic vibrations in moving filament-like and plane-parallel materials, in particular, polymer fibbers and films, with an adjustable angle of input (reception) of probing signals into moving controlled object – polymer fibbers and films at normal and high temperatures. The technical characteristics of the installation are given in which the converters developed by us are used, namely, sounding base (distance from the emitter to the receivers), the duration of the probing pulses, the frequency of filling and the duration of the probing pulses, the speed of the controlled object, the combined standard measurement uncertainties of the difference Δt of the propagation times of ultrasonic waves from the emitter to the first and second signal receivers, relative combined standard uncertainties of measurements of attenuation coefficient and velocity of propagation of ultrasonic waves.

INCREASING OF AIMING AND SEARCH SYSTEM OF LAND UNMANNED COMPLEX DURABILITY

Proposals on composition of the aiming and search system of land unmanned complex are offered. The work aims to improve one of the most important technical characteristics of land unmanned complex - survivability. Proposals are given for improving the layout of aiming and search system of land unmanned complex. Existing composition schemes have a low firing life because of the devices included in its structure have are installed into general body. Sniper impact in body makes ineffective all aiming and search system. Authors proposes to install the devices into two bodies along weapon sides. TV-sight should be installed into the first body and thermal-vision sight should be installed into the second body. Then if sniper impact is affecting one body, then the devices of the second body are able to execute a battle task with some limitations thanks to efficient sight. The issues of controlling the stability of the aiming line of the aiming and search system at the stage of bench tests using a collimation-measuring unit are considered in detail. A technique for adjusting both television and thermal imaging sights is proposed. In addition to increasing the survivability of the entire unmanned complex, the proposed technical solution has a number of other advantages. First, the "cold" zeroing of the combat module is greatly simplified. Instead of a system of two penta mirrors, a BS-0 ° rhombus prism can be used for this. Secondly, the proposed layout potentially simplifies the further modernization of aiming and search system, which would require the inclusion of additional units. For example, to expand the functionality of the complex by analyzing the polarization of radiation from objects and backgrounds, an additional volume is provided to accommodate polarimetric attachments. Thirdly, an even greater increase in the survivability of the complex can be achieved by increasing the secrecy of the combat mission. Usage of the base distance between the entrance pupils of the sights makes it possible to passively measure the range to the target using the internal base rangefinder instead of the laser rangefinder.

Assessing the Orbital Contribution in the “Spodium Bond” by Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement Analysis

<p>The term “spodium bond” (SpB) has been recently proposed for the non-coordinative interaction between a polarised group 12 metal and a mild Lewis base. In most of the systems showing short metal-donor distances, however, SpB coexists with other weak interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonding. Here we show their mutual importance can be probed by dissecting the orbital component of the interaction through the Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement analysis. NOCV-CD gives us straightforward snapshots of relative energies and electrons involved, either for model and “real” adducts, allowing us to demonstrate the lack of a direct correlation between a favourable metal-base distance and the presence of an orbital contribution for the SpB.</p>

Adjusting the Regular Network of Squares Resolution to the Digital Terrain Model Surface Shape

A regular network of squares is formed by points uniformly distributed (mostly in the square corners) over the surface that is represented by the network. Each point (node) of the network has specified coordinates (X and Y) with a fixed constant distance between them. The third coordinate in a node (H) is determined by the application of interpolation based on the points distributed (usually dispersed as a point cloud e.g., from LiDAR) over the surface of the area surrounding the node. The regular network of squares formed in this manner allows the representation of a digital terrain model (DTM) to be performed in spatial information systems (SIP, GIS). The main problem that arises during the construction of such a network is the proper determination of its resolution (the base distance between the coordinates X and Y) depending on the topography. This article presents a method of the regular network of squares resolution determination depending on the morphological shape of the terrain surface. Following the application of the procedures being described, a differently shaped terrain is assigned various network densities. This enables the minimisation of inaccuracies of the surface model being formed. Consequently, a regular network of squares is formed with different base square sizes, which is adjusted with its resolution to the morphology of the surface it describes. Such operations allow the terrain model accuracy to be maintained over the entire area while reducing the number of points stored in the DTM database to the minimum.

Assessing the Orbital Contribution in the “Spodium Bond” by Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement Analysis

<p>The term “spodium bond” (SpB) has been recently proposed for the non-coordinative interaction between a polarised group 12 metal and a mild Lewis base. In most of the systems showing short metal-donor distances, however, SpB coexists with other weak interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonding. Here we show their mutual importance can be probed by dissecting the orbital component of the interaction through the Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement analysis. NOCV-CD gives us straightforward snapshots of relative energies and electrons involved, either for model and “real” adducts, allowing us to demonstrate the lack of a direct correlation between a favourable metal-base distance and the presence of an orbital contribution for the SpB.</p>

Assessing the Orbital Contribution in the “Spodium Bond” by Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement Analysis

<p>The term “spodium bond” (SpB) has been recently proposed for the non-coordinative interaction between a polarised group 12 metal and a mild Lewis base. In most of the systems showing short metal-donor distances, however, SpB coexists with other weak interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonding. Here we show their mutual importance can be probed by dissecting the orbital component of the interaction through the Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement analysis. NOCV-CD gives us straightforward snapshots of relative energies and electrons involved, either for model and “real” adducts, allowing us to demonstrate the lack of a direct correlation between a favourable metal-base distance and the presence of an orbital contribution for the SpB.</p>

Quantifying the Orbital Contribution in the “Spodium Bond” via Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement Analysis

<p>The term “spodium bond” (SpB) has been recently proposed for the non-coordinative interaction between a polarised group 12 metal and a mild Lewis base. In most of the systems showing short metal-donor distances, however, SpB coexists with other weak interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonding. Here we show their mutual importance can be probed by dissecting the orbital component of the interaction through the Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement analysis. NOCV-CD gives us straightforward snapshots of relative energies and electrons involved, either for model and “real” adducts, allowing us to demonstrate the lack of a direct correlation between a favourable metal-base distance and the presence of an orbital contribution for the SpB.</p>

Quantifying the Orbital Contribution in the “Spodium Bond” via Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement Analysis

<p>The term “spodium bond” (SpB) has been recently proposed for the non-coordinative interaction between a polarised group 12 metal and a mild Lewis base. In most of the systems showing short metal-donor distances, however, SpB coexists with other weak interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonding. Here we show their mutual importance can be probed by dissecting the orbital component of the interaction through the Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement analysis. NOCV-CD gives us straightforward snapshots of relative energies and electrons involved, either for model and “real” adducts, allowing us to demonstrate the lack of a direct correlation between a favourable metal-base distance and the presence of an orbital contribution for the SpB.</p>

Quantifying the Orbital Contribution in the “Spodium Bond” via Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement Analysis

<p>The term “spodium bond” (SpB) has been recently proposed for the non-coordinative interaction between a polarised group 12 metal and a mild Lewis base. In most of the systems showing short metal-donor distances, however, SpB coexists with other weak interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonding. Here we show their mutual importance can be probed by dissecting the orbital component of the interaction through the Natural Orbital for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement analysis. NOCV-CD gives us straightforward snapshots of relative energies and electrons involved, either for model and “real” adducts, allowing us to demonstrate the lack of a direct correlation between a favourable metal-base distance and the presence of an orbital contribution for the SpB.</p>