Evaluation of the quality of the media content of reports and financial statements published electronically in the Khartoum Stock Exchange from the perspective of investors: تقييم جودة المحتوى الإعلامي للتقارير و القوائم المالية المنشورة الكترونياً في سوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية من وجهة نظر المستثمرين

The study dealt with the electronic dissemination of information accounting in capital markets in developing countries, where the study aimed to assess the quality of the content of accounting information contained in the reports and the financial statements published electronically in Khartoum Securities Market from the point of view of investors through the statement of the availability of qualitative characteristics of accounting information, the degree of confidence of investors in the accounting information contained in the reports and the financial statements published electronically. To achieve those purposes a questionnaire has been prepared to collect data from investors in Khartoum Securities Market. The study sample consists of (90) investors. The main findings of the study are that: high availability of qualitative characteristics of accounting information in the reports and financial statement published electronically, and investors in Khartoum Securities Market have high confidence in content of accounting information disseminated electronically.

History and drivers of plant taxonomy in South Africa

The development of plant taxonomy in South Africa from about 1600 to 2015 is reviewed, with emphasis on the main driving factors that have influenced the research direction, techniques used, and choice of taxonomic research topic. In addition, key personalities and important historical events are highlighted. The early scientific interest in the flora of South Africa and, by implication, its taxonomy was initially driven by curiosity. Exploration of plants for economic purposes especially for medicinal use and later, agriculture, drove the scientific development of botany and formed the foundation of formal botany in the country. Establishment of botanical gardens and herbaria influenced botanical research, in particular the field of taxonomy. Technological advances lead to increased modernisation of taxonomy as new sources of information derived from other fields of botany were incorporated into taxonomic research. Funding priorities and availability of financial resources influence the taxonomic research that is conducted, and international initiatives that impact on priorities in biodiversity science have further impact on taxonomy. At present the predominant culture of taxonomy is directed towards electronic dissemination of taxonomic information, leading to increased accessibility and connectivity. Strategic planning of plant taxonomy in South Africa has become more formal as relevance and impact of research products increasingly need to be justified with respect to the financial costs of conducting taxonomic research.

Green Economic and Secure Libraries on Cloud

Libraries are considered storehouses of knowledge in the form of books and other resources. Introduction of computers and information and communication technology paved the way for resources in electronic format. Hence, storage of library resources is categorized in two ways namely physical storage and electronic storage. The advantages of e-format are multiple users, increasing availability of free resource, sharing, storing, accessibility, retrieval, flexibility, compatibility, and so forth. As an evolutionary change in adapting to the electronic dissemination, electronic data can be stored virtually, externally, and retrieved in cloud computing. For cloud storage users, service providers and tools are considered as major components of the service architecture. Tool connects cloud storage server and thin client platform through the Internet. Green computing and green production technology are utilizing minimum resources and maximum production in an eco-friendly way. Data warehousing is collection of data, categorizing, filtering, eliminating replica data, format compatibility; security of data retrieval gives economic storage of files. Warehoused data with extract, transform, and load (ETL) tools are retrieved by data mining. This chapter discusses various architecture, service providers, models of service, certifications, billing models, security issues, solutions to security issues and eco-friendly economic storage.

Green Economic and Secure Libraries on Cloud

Libraries are considered storehouses of knowledge in the form of books and other resources. Introduction of computers and information and communication technology paved the way for resources in electronic format. Hence, storage of library resources is categorized in two ways namely physical storage and electronic storage. The advantages of e-format are multiple users, increasing availability of free resource, sharing, storing, accessibility, retrieval, flexibility, compatibility, and so forth. As an evolutionary change in adapting to the electronic dissemination, electronic data can be stored virtually, externally, and retrieved in cloud computing. For cloud storage users, service providers and tools are considered as major components of the service architecture. Tool connects cloud storage server and thin client platform through the Internet. Green computing and green production technology are utilizing minimum resources and maximum production in an eco-friendly way. Data warehousing is collection of data, categorizing, filtering, eliminating replica data, format compatibility; security of data retrieval gives economic storage of files. Warehoused data with extract, transform, and load (ETL) tools are retrieved by data mining. This chapter discusses various architecture, service providers, models of service, certifications, billing models, security issues, solutions to security issues and eco-friendly economic storage.

Protecting indigenous cultural property in the age of digital democracy: Institutional and communal responses to Canadian First Nations and Māori heritage concerns

This article presents a comparative study of how Canadian First Nations and New Zealand Māori peoples have employed digital technologies in the recording, reproduction, promotion and discussion of their cultural heritage. The authors explore a selection of First Nations and Māori initiatives that resist or creatively respond to the digitization and electronic dissemination of cultural ‘objects’, knowledges and landscapes as a continuation of social processes that have dynamically endured over more than two centuries. Their comparison also considers the limitations of conventional law in regard to the protection of indigenous cultural and intellectual property. Expressions of traditional knowledge and culture generally fall outside the protection of copyrights and patents, a situation that is often exacerbated when that heritage assumes digital forms.