The role of organizational communication in enhancing organizational loyalty: دور الاتصال التنظيمي في تعزيز الولاء التنظيمي – دراسة تطبيقية على الشركات المساهمة بمدينة أبها –

This study aimed at learn about the role of organizational communication in enhancing the organizational loyalty of employees of the joint stock companies in Abha. In order to achieve these objectives, the study adopted descriptive analytical method, and the researcher designed a questionnaire as a main tool for collecting the necessary data, which were applied to a sample of workers in the companies contributing to the father (59) individuals. The results of the study reached several results, the most important of which is that there is a role for organizational communication in enhancing the organizational loyalty of the employees of the joint stock companies in Abha. The results of the arithmetic averages showed that the sub-hypothesis is not accepted, which states that: "There is an average level of organizational communication between presidents and subordinates In the companies participating in the city of Abha, "and the sub-hypothesis that states:" There is an average level of organizational loyalty among the employees of the companies in the city of Abha, "and the sub-hypothesis that states:" There are statistically significant differences in the relationship between organizational communication and loyalty Organization Due to demographic characteristics (sex - age - education level - the nature of the job - years of experience)". The study recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which is that every company of any kind and size must work on developing its communications methods and surround everything that might impede this process, whether in terms of the worker's psychological or regulatory environment, in order to strengthen the organizational loyalty of the employees of these companies , And to increase the awareness of officials of the joint stock companies of the importance of the role of communication in enhancing the organizational loyalty of employees and the reflection on the completion and development of these companies.

The influence of Paternalistic leadership on the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees – A field study from the point of view of female administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah –: تأثير القيادة الأبوية على الالتزام والرضا الوظيفي – دراسة ميدانية من وجهة نظر الموظفات الإداريات في الأقسام الأكاديمية في جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة –

The problem statement of this study is to check the influence of paternalistic leadership on the commitment and job satisfaction from the point of view of female administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University. The aim of this study to contribute to increase the attention for the researchers to apply paternalistic leadership style, open the way for new studies, and help officials of academic departments in Saudi universities to upgrade the quality of the performance of the services provided by their subordinates through applying the paternalistic leadership style in their departments. The population of the study of female administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University and a number of approximately 700 employees, the study sample was selected at random which has been adopted (63) The identification of origin (78). It has been used descriptive analytical method. And to analyze and manipulate data using a statistical computer program (SPSS). After the study data statistically analyzed the results showed that managers dealing with their employees by using paternalistic leadership style. In addition, there is a positive relationship between paternalistic leadership style and commitment of the employees. Although the leader was sometimes resorted to the use of authoritarian paternalistic leadership style, but the results showed that there is a functional commitment to the organization by the study sample. Also, there is a positive relationship between paternalistic leadership style and job satisfaction for the employees, even if the managers deal with their employees by using authoritarian paternalistic leadership style. In light of the results, researcher reached to a number of recommendations which is the most important one there is a need to apply the paternalistic leadership style by managers as it imparts the positive side on the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees. Finally, the researcher recommends to conduct more research in the paternalistic leadership style from the point of view of male administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University, and comparing the results with the present study to determine the influence of Paternalistic leadership on the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees in the point of view of male and female employees.

The rights of the debtor in the preventive settlement procedure in the Saudi bankruptcy law: حقوق المدين في إجراء التسوية الوقائية في نظام الإفلاس السعودي

The Saudi bankruptcy law approved a set of rights for the debtor in each of its procedures, including the rights related to the preventive settlement procedure, and the aim of highlighting these rights is to contribute to preserving them, achieving justice, and avoiding harm to the side of the bankrupt debtor, especially since the organizers' interest in the bankruptcy law It is primarily concerned with the creditor's side, and how to obtain his rights from the debtor. In this research, the debtor’s rights contained in the provisions of the law relating to the preventive settlement procedure will be shed light and collected within this framework The research relied on the inductive and analytical approach, whereby the provisions of the Saudi bankruptcy law were extrapolated, then the rights of the debtor were extracted from its folds, and these rights were analyzed. The rights in this procedure are summarized as following: the right to request the debtor to initiate the procedure, to inform him of the date of consideration of the request, to request the suspension of claims during the procedure, to not claim debts other than the status during the procedure period, to maintain his contractual obligations, and to obtain financing. The research came out with a set of important results that reveal the comprehensiveness of the provisions of the Saudi bankruptcy law, its concern for the rights of all parties, including the debtor, as well as the expansion of the scope of application of the provisions of specific and spatial bankruptcy procedures, and the like The research also included a set of recommendations in which I saw addressing some observations during the analysis of these rights, such as not allowing the debtor to manage his activity during the period from the opening of the procedure, until the creditors have completed voting on the plan, as well as granting the creditor the right to demand the opening of the preventive settlement procedure, And not limiting this right to the debtor only, and so on.

The Important of accounting for throughput and its role in supporting the competitive advantage for Sudanese industrial companies: أهمية المحاسبة عن الإنجاز ودورها في دعم الميزة التنافسية في الشركات الصناعية السودانية

The study investigated the important of accounting for throughput and its role in supporting the competitive advantage for Sudanese industrial companies. The problem of the study was that the traditional costing systems not considered accurate in providing information that would help support the competitive advantage in the Sudanese industrial companies. Which lead to look for modern systems، especially the method of accounting for achievement، the study Objectives to clarify the role of the accounting method for achievement in supporting the competitive advantage of Sudanese industrial companies. Accounting for through represents a new method in the field of accounting، as result of the continuous changes in the labor market and intense competition that requires the diversity of products and increasing their quality to continue in competition، the research can be fellow the descriptions analysis methodology. The study results: The method of accounting for throughput works to manage bottlenecks in the production process، which helps in delivering the product in a timely manner، which in turn contributes to supporting the competitive advantage for industrial companies. The study Recommendations: the need to continuing research and study in the tools raised by the method of accounting for throughput and their relationship to the various methods that contribute to supporting competition.

Digitization of conferences between development requirements and the specter of failure (Analytical study in light of the COVID-19 crisis): رقمنة المؤتمرات بين متطلبات الأزمة وشبح الإخفاق (دراسة تحليلية في ظل أزمة كورونا COVID-19)

In light of the Covid 19 crisis, the telecommunications sector is no longer limited to traditional communication and searching for information, but rather the trend to communicate via the Internet, and this trend has gained great strength and spread and as a result, we see today digital conferences where individuals participate for predetermined hours, to cover a broad topic, such as blogging or education. Or medicine or technology. The process of digital transformation in conferences is very sensitive in light of the Covid 19 crisis, while most of the economic literature in this field has focused on the success factors of digital conferences as an alternative to direct meetings under conditions of divergence and quarantine, the factors of failure and failure are left aside, This is what prompted us to prepare this paper, through which we aim to shed light on the digital transformation of conferences and the specter of failure threatening them in light of the Covid 19 crisis, referring to the state of conferences for some countries and companies in a study of the impact of this on achieving success for their digital conferences.

The obstacles facing Riyada- financed projects – A field study from the perspective of an entrepreneur in Asir region –: المعوقات التي تواجه المشاريع الممولة من ريادة – دراسة ميدانية من منظور ريادةً بمنطقة عسير –

The present research aimed to identify constraints facing projects funded by Riyadah: a field study from Riyadah's perspective in Assir region. And to study the hypotheses of the study represented in the presence of a statistically significant impact of the financing obstacles facing Riyada- financed projects in Aseer region The research was based on the descriptive and analytical approach, and the research population included all owners of the projects funded by Reyadah in Asir region, and a simple random sample consisted of (150) respondents was selected. The study concluded that the funding constraints facing projects funded by Riyadah in Assir region were of a average ratio, that the marketing constraints facing projects funded by Riyadah in Assir region were of high ratio, and that the administrative and organizational constraints facing projects funded by Riyadah in Assir region were of high ratio. Also, it was concluded that there is a statistically significant impact on each of (funding constraints, marketing constraints, and administrative & organizational constraints) facing projects funded by Riyadah in Assir region. The research recommended the necessity for Riyadah Institution to give the owners of the funded projects specialized courses in management and organization that help them in carrying out the tasks assigned to them, and the necessity to follow up the funded projects periodically so that the performance is evaluated on an ongoing basis and the mistakes are corrected. As well, Riyadah Institution has to provide help and assistance for various categories in order to create different job opportunities for many people.

The Legal status of international treaties in the Jordanian constitution and judiciary: مكانة المعاهدات الدولية في الدستور والقضاء الأردني

This descriptive analytical legal study aimed to clarify the position of international treaties in the Jordanian constitution and judiciary by shedding light on the theoretical trends that determined the status of international treaties in comparative legislation, in addition to verifying the constitutionality of the Jordanian side's signature on some international treaties that occupied Jordanian public opinion. The study revealed that the difference of international law jurists in determining the legal status of international treaties in constitutions and positive laws resulted in three directions: the trend of the unity of the two laws, the trend of the Dual-law, and the trend of reconciling the two laws. The study also showed that the Jordanian constitution did not adopt an explicit provision for the legal status of treaties. International conventions, leaving room for jurisprudential and judicial jurisprudence that affirmed the supremacy of international treaties over domestic law. The study also found that the Jordanian legislator’s neglect of determining the legal status of treaties, and the double signature of them by the executive authority alone or in combination with the legislative authority in accordance with two conditions under Paragraph B of Article 33 of the Jordanian Constitution, has opened the door wide for controversy over any treaty to be signed by the Jordanian side, To demonstrate this, the study mentioned practical applications from international treaties signed by Jordan, namely: the Israeli Gas Supply Agreement, the Casino Agreement, and the CEDAW Agreement. In light of the results were reached, the study presented a set of recommendations that were such as issuing a law for international treaties to regulate international treaties in all the stages through which they pass, adding a constitutional text confirming the oversight role of the National Assembly over international treaties, provided that this constitutional text includes informing the National Assembly of any treaty or agreement that is concluded by Jordan.

Macroeconomic Activity and Role of Zaka in Achieving Economic Stability (Aggregate Supply and Economic Variable): الزكاة والنشاط الاقتصادي الكلي ودورهما في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي (العرض الكلي والمتغيرات الاقتصادية)

The duty of Zaka is one of the important financial resources of the Islamic state, it is also an effective tool to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality between society members. As it guarantees a regular flow of funds every year which is spent in specified channels. The obligation of Zaka has a crucial role in economic recovery because of three main factors, which prohibit hoarding, promoting investment, and encourage spending.so that is why the duty of Zaka is accomodate with economics principles. This research aims to clarify and show the economic impact of Zaka fund development through theoretical, mathematical, and graphical analysis on macroeconomics variables which is related to Aggregate Supply. Researcher used theoretical, mathematical, graphical approaches for explanation economic variables. and used deductive approach through shows the effect of zakat on the aggregate supply. researcher concludes that the duty of Zaka is an effective economic tool, and its impact on the economy is cumulative, so it is considered one of the injection elements in the Islamic economy by preventing leakage, through prohibit hoarding, that’s why it has a positive impact on the supply of human and capital resources. The researcher recommends to work on promoting the revival of Zaka, and the Zakat should be compulsory not voluntary through laws and regulations.

The Woman Role in Change Leadership : دور المرأة في قيادة التغيير

There is no doubt that great leaders are created step by step through a set of continuous processes that support and refine their capabilities, and accordingly we find that most studies have confirmed that the characteristics of women leaders are not sufficient alone in activating their roles as much as the surrounding environment should help in that. She plays a prominent role in strengthening the conditions for empowering women and providing the necessary conditions for her creativity, whether through her leadership roles or her regular roles, the study aims to identify the role that women play at the level of leading change in various areas of life, whether economic, political, social, and other other fields, by identifying the most prominent leadership characteristics and the skills that they should have, and an attempt to evaluate these different characteristics and capabilities and stand On the extent to which these characteristics contribute to leading the change process in general at any level of the state or different institutions, and the study also aimed to identify the most important methods and strategies that women use in leading change, and the effect of these strategies on their ability to lead change, and the study did not stop. Up to that point, it also sought to highlight the most important challenges facing women in societies, as well as to address the comparison of leadership style between men and women, by relying on the descriptive approach and the analytical method for the contribution of both approaches in the researcher's point of view in achieving the basic purpose of this study, and the most prominent results were The study is that women have a prominent role in society in general, from their role in the family to their role in the highest leadership positions that take on Here, the study also proved that women have sufficient characteristics and qualities to qualify them to play a fundamental role in leading the process of change, and that they have the ability to carry out a set of different activities that lead towards change, whether those activities are related to the follow- up or development process and other activities that lead towards change on the one hand. The level of organizations and others, in addition to emphasizing that women are more cautious than men at the level of decision- making, but at the same time they are superior in terms of courage and ability to plan for the future, and in general, if women play a pivotal role in leadership, and therefore they can be described as fighting.

The Effect of Working Capital Management on Profitability of Saudi Food and Beverages Corporations: An applied study (2015- 2019): أثر إدارة رأس المال العامل على ربحية شركات صناعة الأغذية المساهمة السعودية: دراسة تطبيقية (2015- 2019)

The study examined the effect of working capital management (average inventory period, average collection period and average payment period), on the profitability of Saudi food and beverages corporations listed in Saudi exchange during five years from 2015 to 2019. In addition, company size, debt ratio and company age was used as control variables. The study used Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) as measures of firm profitability. To achieve the aim of the study, data were obtained from the annual financial reports published in the “Tadawul”, Saudia Arabia Stock Exchange, for a purposive sample of twelve (12) companies out of (203) Saudi corporations listed. Descriptive statistics and Multiple regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results indicated that ROA and ROE have been explained at 48%, and 55% respectively. Furthermore, the results found that there is statistically significant effect of average payment period on ROA. However, while the results found that there is statistically significant effect of all control variables on ROE, it did not find any significant effect of any the working capital management variables on ROE. Based on the results, we recommend that corporations need to pay attention to managing working capital in more efficient ways, especially through speed in collection and slow payment, which in turn lead to increased firm profitability.