RELIEF OF THE QUARRIES OF THE MIDDLE POBUZHZHIA (ON THE EXAMPLE SABARIV QUARRY)

The twenty-seven active quarries for the extraction of building materials are located on the territory of the Middle Pobuzhzhia. The quarries of the crystalline rocks (granite, migmatite, granodiorite, charnockite, etc.) are dominant. Also, there are loam and less often sand quarries. They are concentrated in the western part of the Middle Pobuzhzhia, near city Vinnytsia. Most of the them are the type of closed stepped quarries. The quarries of the crystalline rocks are predominantly rectangular in shape with narrow benches of working benches and a flat pit floor without heaped forms of relief. Loam quarries are usually gradually declining, some of them are now inactive having internal sheating dumps. The length of such quarries is 300 – 450 m, with one working highwall. Sand quarries are partially active and covered with turf. The length of these quarries is usually 300 – 350 m, with up to 2 – 3 highwalls, also there are external sheating dumps. The Sabariv granite quarry, located 1 km south of city Vinnytsia on the right bank of the Southern Bug River is carefully surveyed. The extraction of useful rocks dates back to 1958. Mining is carried out by one overburden and three extraction highwalls. The maximum length of the quarry is 620 m, width – 370 m, depth – 54 m. The length of extraction benches is 14 m. The quarry has the excavated (denudation) and heaped (accumulative) forms of relief. The excavated relief consists of a mine floor, benches of the overburden stratum and extraction highwalls. The mine floor has a shape close to the rectangle. It is made of the third production horizon of the quarry where currently the mining works are carrying out and of the insubstantial part of the second extraction highwalls toe. The shape of a surface of the mine floor is generally aligned. The mine floor is bounded by the little changed and worked out northern, western and eastern mine walls, western part of the southern wall and significantly changed eastern part of the southern wall. The quarry has the one overburden and three extraction highwalls. Benches are located between the benches of different levels. Their maximum width is 50 m. At least, the benches of three levels can be traced. The heaped relief of the Sabariv quarry is presented predominantly by external sheating dumps of the overburden strata. They do not have a specific location. The dumps are terrace-like and have a shape of elongated embankments. They are located at elevations of 260–271 meters. The height of the dry dump is 10–15 m. The dumps of the overburden strata are recultivated. The forest melioration is carried out throughout the territory. The inner quarry dumps are located on the mine floor. Such dumps are not widespread and have low capacity. Key words: quarry; mining relief; excavated relief; heaped forms; Middle Pobuzhzhia.

A Global Optimization-Based Method for the Prediction of Water Inrush Hazard from Mining Floor

Water inrush hazards can be effectively reduced by a reasonable and accurate soft-measuring method on the water inrush quantity from the mine floor. This is quite important for safe mining. However, there is a highly nonlinear relationship between the water outburst from coal seam floors and geological structure, hydrogeology, aquifer, water pressure, water-resisting strata, mining damage, fault and other factors. Therefore, it is difficult to establish a suitable model by traditional methods to forecast the water inrush quantity from the mine floor. Modeling methods developed in other fields can provide adequate models for rock behavior on water inrush. In this study, a new forecast system, which is based on a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) with the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, a model structure and the related parameters are proposed simultaneously on water inrush prediction. With the advantages of powerful global optimization functions, implicit parallelism and high stability of the GA, the penalty coefficient, insensitivity coefficient and kernel function parameter of the SVM model are determined as approximately optimal automatically in the spatial dimension. All of these characteristics greatly improve the accuracy and usable range of the SVM model. Testing results show that GA has a useful ability in finding optimal parameters of a SVM model. The performance of the GA optimized SVM (GA-SVM) is superior to the SVM model. The GA-SVM enables the prediction of water inrush and provides a promising solution to the predictive problem for relevant industries.