Detection of Epileptiform Seizure From Pre-Ictal Part of Epileptic EEG Recording

Nowadays, the most common neurological disorder is Epilepsy. An epileptic seizure is a sudden synchronous and repetitive discharge from brain cells. The seizure is very dangerous and life-threatening for people affected by Epilepsy, as this may occur anywhere and anytime. The analysis of Electroencephalogram data (EEG) is a difficult task for a neurologist to go through the entire EEG records visually, in consideration with an increasing number of channels and more extended EEG recording. Authors are working to develop a system that gives a warning message so a safety measure can be taken before the seizure occurs. To do that, authors analyze epileptic EEG data in depth to get unique characteristics from EEG data, namely, disrupts background; sharply define components, Electrocerebral negativity, and electrical field. With the consideration of all of the above attributes of Epilepsy, an algorithm is developed, which is able to segment out the susceptible seizure waveform occurrence from EEG recording (onset) in different channels.

Myotonia

Myotonia is defined at an electrical level as repetitive discharge of the muscle fibre membrane after initial activation, which occurs due to dysfunction of the membrane’s ion channels, most commonly the chloride channel, less commonly the sodium channel. This manifests clinically as stiffness of the muscle and delayed relaxation after voluntary contraction (e.g. difficulty relaxing the grip after clenching the fingers, and stiffness in the thigh muscles and difficulty walking on first moving after rest). Disabling myotonia may respond to carbamazepine, phenytoin or, often most effectively, mexiletine, although supplies are now limited. This chapter takes a closer look at the condition, its symptoms, presentations, diagnosis, and treatment.