Effect Of Planting Spacing In Production And Permeability Of Heartwood And Sapwood Of Eucalyptus Wood

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different useful areas provided by the planting spacings (3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 3 × 4 m) on the production and permeability of heartwood and sapwood of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones at 4 years old. Regardless of the clone, there was no effect of planting spacing on the heartwood/sapwood relation and wood permeability. All clones showed a heartwood decrease with increased height, regardless of planting spacing, and E. grandis (B) was the only one that had its heartwood percentage positively and significantly correlated with the dendrometric variables (DBH and commercial height). The use of the dymethil yellow compound was indispensable in defining the heartwood and sapwood regions in the samples from 50% of the stem height. The heartwood permeability was low in all evaluated clones, suggesting vessel obstruction by tyloses or other deposits, while sapwood permeability reached 405.4 cm3/cm.atm.s.

Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterization of a Heterometallic Iodoplumbate

The design and synthesis of heterometallic iodoplumbates have attracted much interest due to the diverse structures and significant physical properties. A Pb/CuI/I heterometallic iodoplumbate, [PbCu2I4(bipy)]n (1) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), has been synthesized by solvothermal reaction of PbI2, Cu(NO3)2, bipy, and HI, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. This compound exhibits one-dimensional neutral structure, which is built upon the linkages of Pb/I chains, Cu/I chains, and Cu(bipy) units. The yellow compound has an optical bandgap of 2.32 eV and shows fluorescent emission at 610 nm which is assigned to iodide-to-copper charge transfer.

A Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detecting Formaldehyde in Brain Tissues

The existing methods for detecting formaldehyde (FA) in brain samples are expensive and require sophisticated experimental procedures. Here, we established a highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method, which is based on a reaction in which FA reacts with colorless reagent 4-amino-3-penten-2-one (Fluoral-P) to produce a yellow compound, 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which can be detected by a spectrophotometer at 420 nm at room temperature. The sensitive response time point was found to be at the first hour, and the optimal pH of derivative reaction was pH 6.0. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantization (LOQ) for detecting FA were 0.5 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Using this method, an abnormally high level of FA was detected in both the brains of FA-injected mice and autopsy hippocampus tissues from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This finding suggests that the modified Fluoral-P method is effective for measuring levels of FA in the brains.

Microwave synthesis and molecular re-arrangement of a grisadienone and its derivatives

ortho-Deoxygrisan (38), a spirodienone was synthesised from bisphenol (42) using both conventional and microwave assisted methods. The bisphenol (42) was synthesised from phenol (52) by conventional and microwave assisted methods. Benzophenone (43) was synthesised from compound (49) which in turn was synthesised from compound (53) by chromic acid oxidation in acetic anhydride or acetic acid. Compound (53) was synthesised from bisphenol (42) by mono-acetylation method. OH OH OH O O OH O OH 43 OAc O OAc 38 42 52 OH OAc 49 53 Acid-catalysed rearrangement of ortho-deoxygrisan (38) in the absence of light was investigated. Chromatography of the reaction mixture afforded compound (D) as a major component. O D OAc Attempts to synthesise ortho-grisan (50) from benzophenone (43) were unsuccessful. O O 50 Microwave assisted selenium dioxide oxidation of compound (53) gave a yellow compound C. The spectra of this compound were very similar to the spectra of ortho-deoxygrisan (38). However, selenium dioxide was reacted with compound (53) in the absence of microwave to give a yellow solid B. The 1H NMR spectral data of this compound led to the proposed structure B for it. O vii O Se O B

Synthese und Kristallstruktur von 7-Azaindolato-Silber, einem dimeren Ag(I)-Komplex mit kurzem Ag-Ag-Abstand

[Ag(C7H5N2)]2 is obtained by the slow addition of a tetrahydrofuran (thf) solution of AgClO4 to a solution of Na(C7H5N2) in thf. The slightly yellow compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the lattice constants a = 554.5(1) pm, b = 954.6(2) pm, c = 1196.5(3) pm, β = 99.67(2)°. The structure consists of centrosymmetric, planar, dimeric complexes with ligand disorder in the crystal. The N atoms coordinate the Ag+ ions nearly linearly (N-Ag-N = 168°, Ag-N = 213 pm). The Ag+ ions in the dimeric unit have a short distance of 284 pm. The complexes are linked by weak intermolecular η2-Ag-C interactions to chains.

Molecular and crystal structure of a mixed-phosphine ligand Tc(II) complex, Tc(PMe2Ph)2(DMPE)Cl2

The reaction of Tc(PMe2Ph)3Cl3 with an excess of bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (DMPE) in ethanol solution produced a yellow compound, which was identified by X-ray diffraction methods as a mixed-ligand Tc(II) complex, Tc(PMe2Ph)2(DMPE)Cl2. The compound crystallizes in the P21/c space group with a = 12.899(6), b = 13.142(8), c = 19.088(9) Å, β = 121.13(3)°, V = 2770(2) Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.061, and Rw = 0.051. The geometry around the Tc atom is octahedral with the chloro ligands trans to each other, while the two PMe2Ph ligands are in cis positions. The Tc—Cl bond distances are 2.431 (5) and 2.431 (5) Å while the Tc—P bond lengths are 2.434(4) and 2.435(4) Å for PMe2Ph and 2.400(4) and 2.398(4) Å for the bidentate DMPE ligand. An increase of multiple bonding of the Tc—P bond, as the oxidation state of Tc decreases, is suggested.