Novel Insights Into MALAT1 Function as a MicroRNA Sponge in NSCLC

The long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) was initially found to be overexpressed in early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Accumulating studies have shown that MALAT1 is overexpressed in the tissue or serum of NSCLC and plays a key role in its occurrence and development. In addition, the expression level of MALAT1 is significantly related to the tumor size, stage, metastasis, and distant invasion of NSCLC. Therefore, MALAT1 could be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis, severity assessment, or prognosis evaluation of NSCLC patients. This review describes the basic properties and biological functions of MALAT1, focuses on the specific molecular mechanism of MALAT1 as a microRNA sponge in the occurrence and development of NSCLC in recent years, and emphasizes the application and potential prospect of MALAT1 in molecular biological markers and targeted therapy of NSCLC.

DETERMINATION OF EXPRESSION RATE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN TUMOR OF PATIENTS WITH STAGE I-IV ENDOMETRIAL CANCER TO PREDICT THE DISEASE RELAPSE

In order to study the molecular biological markers of the tumor in patients with endometrial cancer stages I−IV, the patients who received a combined treatment at the Department of Oncological Gynecology at the State Institution "Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology" were surveyed. The study has demonstrated that in the patients with advanced endometrial cancer, the expression rate of molecular biological markers and ER and PR receptors depends on the histological shape of the tumor. In adenocarcinomas with a high degree of differentiation, the value of both positive and negative VEGF was observed in equal percentages, against the background of high Bcl−2 expression, negative mt p53 expression, and negative or moderate proliferative activity. In patients with adenocarcinoma with moderate degree of differentiation, the value of positive VEGF was observed three times more often than negative one, against the background of a high Bcl−2 expression, negative mt p53 expression and moderate proliferative activity (Ki67). In the patients with low−grade adenocarcinoma endometrium, both positive and negative VEGF were equal in percentage, against the background of high Bcl−2 expression, negative mt p53 expression, and positive proliferative activity. In adenocarcinomas with high and moderate degree of differentiation, the positive status of ER and PR is more often observed, and, conversely, in the patients with low−differentiated adenocarcinoma their negative status was found. It has been revealed that the level of expression of the investigated molecular biological markers and ER and PR receptors in tumors of the patients with endometrial cancer differed depending on the occurrence of relapse. This fact can be used to determine the risk of endometrial cancer recurrence. Key words: endometrial cancer, molecular biological markers, relapse, expression.

MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF IMPLANTATION DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH INFERTILITY AND EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF IMPLANTATION DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH INFERTILITY AND EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

Expression of p63 protein in pulmonary adenocarcinomas as factor of poor prognosis

Aim. To study the spectrum of cellular molecular-biological markers and identify those of them that can be used as prognostic factors for the clinical course of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods. In the given work archive material of 129 patients with confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma was used. In the work, histological, immunohistochemical, molecular-genetic and statistical methods were used. Results. In 29 cases (47.5%) of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, focal cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of p63 protein was observed in different proportions of cells. With expression of p63 in tumor cells, relapse-free survival was on average 25.7±5.1 months, while in patients with no expression of р63 it was 26.1±2.8 months. This parameter did not influence the overall survival of patients which was on average 33.6±2.7 months. Conclusion. A weak tendency to reduction of relapse-free survival of patients with p63-positive pulmonary carcinoma of lungs was revealed. Identification of p63 in pulmonary adenocarcinoma may be regarded as a factor of unfavorable prognosis and of risk of faster tumor progression, which requires further study to increase the statistical value of research.

Molecular-biological marker Bcl-2 in colorectal cancer: the characteristics, the role of mechanisms regulating apoptosis, the effect on the prognosis (review of literature)

Background. Many studies concerning molecular-biological markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) were performed over the past decade. Вcl-2 protein (B-cell lymphoma 2) was one of the most studied molecular-biological markers and attracted the attention of different specialties as on studying carcinogenesis and the relationship with prognosis. Aim. To study in details the characteristics of Bcl-2; to study Bcl-2 role in the mechanisms regulating apoptosis; to show update data concerning the prognostic significance of this protein in CRC. Materials and methods. To write this literature review we have studied domestic and foreign publications from Russian and international systems of search (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 2-30 years. Results. The evaluation of the expression of antiapoptopic protein Вcl-2 in tumor can give additional information about the course of malignant process independently of therapeutic effects, the biological behaviour of the tumor: the rapidity of growth, the ability of invasion and metastasis (i.e. the prognosis of a disease). Conclusion. The results concerning the impact of abnormal expression of apoptosis inhibitor Вcl-2 on the course and prognosis of CRC have been accumulated in the scientific literature, but there have been only several studies, analyzing the relationship between Вcl-2 and metastasis of CRC and factors influencing the invasive potential of tumor cells. Nowadays, there is no consensus about the prognostic significance of protein Вcl-2 in patients with CRC. In some studies, concerning CRC, have been shown the correlation between Bcl-2 overexpression in tumor cells and a favorable course of disease and good survival in patients. Other authors have been shown that tumors with Bcl-2 overexpression, by contrast, are more aggressive in comparison with tumors without Bcl-2 expression. There are a number of studies in which the prognostic significance of Bcl-2 protein is not proved. Many issues, concerning the correlation between this molecular-biological marker and clinico-morphological characteristics of tumor, might also need to be itemized. All shown in the article is a subject to further research.