Application of parametric standardization in the calculation of rows of hydraulic cylinder diameters

Currently, the ordering of standardization objects and their properties, optimization of the parameters of standardization objects, normalization of requirements for objects are the most important areas of standardization as a science. In this regard, the issues of choosing parametric series are very relevant. In order to increase the level of interchangeability and reduce the range of products and standard sizes of blanks, overall cutting tools, tooling, productivity, speed, speed, power, etc., used in a particular industry, as well as to create conditions for effective specialization and cooperation of plants, reduce the cost of products, the principle of preference is used in the unification and development of standards. There are two methods for choosing parametric series: the method of technical justification and the method of economic justification. The technical method is easier to use and is used to expand the technologies of unification of standard sizes of parts of homogeneous products. This method was used to calculate a number of diameters of hydraulic cylinders of broaching machines of the same series based on the mathematical dependence between the force developed on the hydraulic cylinder rod, which is formed by the initial parametric series laid down by the designers. As a result of technical optimization of the choice of the parametric series, a number of diameters of hydraulic cylinders R20/2(45-224) mm was installed, fully corresponding to the main functional parameter - a number of forces on the rod of broaching machines R10/2(0.63-16.0) kN.

Quantitative Ultrasound Changes in Echotexture and Functional Parameters after a Multicomponent Training Program in Pre-Frailty Individuals: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: Currently, ultrasound imaging (USI) is considered a feasible tool in the evaluation of structural and textural muscle differences due to aging. The main aim of this study was to evaluate sonographic changes in muscular structure and function after a 12-week multicomponent training program in pre-frailty individuals. Design: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was carried out. Participants: Thirty-two pre-frailty subjects were recruited and randomly divided into a multicomponent training program group (n = 16; Multicomponent group) and a conventional care group (n = 14; Control group) with a 12-week follow up. Main outcome measures: Rectus femoris thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA), echointensity, echovariation and vastus lateralis pennation angle tests were carried out to assess the structure and echotexture, and the force–velocity (F-V) profile for muscle power and muscle strength was employed to assess the functional parameters. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were shown for the left rectus femoris echointensity and in the functional parameter of muscle power after a 12-week program for the multicomponent training group compared to the conventional care group. Conclusions: Pre-frailty elderly subjects showed a decrease in rectus femoris echointensity (RF-EI) and an increase in the functional parameter of muscle power after a 12-week multicomponent training program compared to the control group.

“Multiplex” rheostat positions cluster around allosterically critical regions of the lactose repressor protein

Amino acid variation at “rheostat” positions provides opportunity to modulate various aspects of protein function – such as binding affinity or allosteric coupling – across a wide range. Previously a subclass of “multiplex” rheostat positions was identified at which substitutions simultaneously modulated more than one functional parameter. Using the Miller laboratory’s dataset of ∼4000 variants of lactose repressor protein (LacI), we compared the structural properties of multiplex rheostat positions with (i) “single” rheostat positions that modulate only one functional parameter, (ii) “toggle” positions that follow textbook substitution rules, and (iii) “neutral” positions that tolerate any substitution without changing function. The combined rheostat classes comprised >40% of LacI positions, more than either toggle or neutral positions. Single rheostat positions were broadly distributed over the structure. Multiplex rheostat positions structurally overlapped with positions involved in allosteric regulation. When their phenotypic outcomes were interpreted within a thermodynamic framework, functional changes at multiplex positions were uncorrelated. This suggests that substitutions lead to complex changes in the underlying molecular biophysics. Bivariable and multivariable analyses of evolutionary signals within multiple sequence alignments could not differentiate single and multiplex rheostat positions. Phylogenetic analyses – such as ConSurf – could distinguish rheostats from toggle and neutral positions. Multivariable analyses could also identify a subset of neutral positions with high probability. Taken together, these results suggest that detailed understanding of the underlying molecular biophysics, likely including protein dynamics, will be required to discriminate single and multiplex rheostat positions from each other and to predict substitution outcomes at these sites.

The Architecture of Connective Tissue in the Musculoskeletal System—Often Overlooked Functional Parameter as to the Proprioception of the Locomotor Apparatus

-

Gait speed is associated with death or readmission among patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure

ObjectivesDeath or hospital readmission are frequent among patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). Severity scores are not valid to predict death or readmission after AHRF. Gait speed, a simple functional parameter, has been associated with hospital admission and death in the general population. The purpose of this study is to highlight an association between gait speed at hospital discharge and death or readmission among AHRF survivors.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingsSingle Swiss tertiary hospital, pulmonary division.ParticipantsPatients were prospectively recruited to form a cohort of patients surviving AHRF in the intensive care unit between January 2012 and May 2015.Outcome measureGait speed was derived from a 6 min walking test (6MWT) before hospital discharge. All predictive variables were prospectively collected. Death or hospital readmission were recorded for 6 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between predictive variables and death or hospital readmission.Results71 patients performed a 6MWT. 34/71 (48%) patients died or were readmitted to the hospital during the observation period. Median gait speed was 0.7 (IQR 0.3–1.0) m/s. At 6 months, 66% (25/38) of slow walkers (gait speed <0.7 m/s) and 27% (9/33) of non-slow walkers died or were readmitted to the hospital (p=0.002). In univariate analysis, gait speed was associated with death or readmission (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.90, p=0.025). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, forced expired volume, heart failure and home mechanical ventilation, gait speed remained the only variable associated with death or readmission (multivariate HR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.88, p=0.025).ConclusionThis study suggests that a simple functional parameter such as gait speed is associated with death or hospital readmission in patients surviving AHRF.Trial registration numberNCT02111876.

Influence to Optimization Geometric Parameter Saws on His (Its) Capacity to Work

At present is absent the scientific motivation geometric parameter separating saws and rates to accuracy functional parameter. The Question to optimization geometric parameter saws is important and, in this connection, requires the immediate permit. In article is considered questions bound change of power acting worker of the surface’s teeth saw depending on designs.

What is the optimal intake of vitamin C?

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient which humans cańt produce. Vitamin C has many important functions in the body, such as immune-system stimulation, growth and repair of tissue, sustain cardiovascular and bone health and protecting cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing harmful free radicals.To ensure adequate vitamin C levels intake recommendations are set.A minimum of 10 mg/ day is needed to prevent scurvy, the clinical manifestation of vitamin C deficiency. Some countries like UK and Australia and the FAO/WHO* refer to this and set recommendations of 40–45 mg/day including a safety margin.Later findings showed that vitamin C is essential for further functions, especially for the immune system. In addition, kinetic studies in healthy men showed that the saturation of neutrophil leukocytes and plasma needs higher vitamin C intakes. Based on the content parameters of plasma level, neutrophil saturation, and minimal urinary loss, the intake recommendations were increased in some countries. The IoM (US) increased the vitamin C recommendations (RDA) to 90 mg and 75 mg/ day and EFSA to 110 mg and 95 mg/ day for men and women, respectively.It´s recommended to define intake recommendations based on functional parameters because vitamin C levels should be at a level that assures optimal functioning of all processes requiring vitamin C. Lack of overt deficiency does not necessarily indicate adequacy of intake. Up to now no sufficient evidence exists for a functional parameter.Recent science from an in-vitro and a human intervention study in healthy men investigated the effects of vitamin C on the leukocyte function. The results support neutrophil motility as a suitable functional parameter. The observed effects indicate to increase the intake recommendation to 200 mg/ day for healthy persons. This is in line with established knowledge from pharmacokinetic, observational, and intervention studies. Plasma vitamin C saturation occurs at a daily intake of 200 mg/ day and a recent review showed that supplementation of at least 200 mg/ day reduced the duration of common cold significantly in children as well as in adults. Additionally, it could be shown that incidences of cardiovascular disease were lowest with vitamin C intakes of at least 200 mg/ day.These findings indicate that an increase of current intake recommendations to 200 mg/ day would be beneficial for the function of the immune system, thus for human health.