Solid, Liquid and Gas Waste Management includes Handling of Impacts

The discussion talked about handling the environment and society from solid, liquid, and gas waste management. In this paper there are several methods that can be used to treat wastewater, including, Dilution (disposal by dilution). Wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes or the sea to dilute. In this way the wastewater will undergo natural purification. However, this method can contaminate surface water with pathogenic bacteria, worm larvae and eggs, and other germs in the wastewater. If only this method is applicable, the following conditions must be met, River or lake water may not be used for other purposes.

The biological treatment method for landfill leachate

Currently, waste generation in Indonesia is increasing; the amount of waste generated in a year is around 67.8 million tons. Increasing the amount of waste generation can cause other problems, namely water from the decay of waste called leachate. Leachate can contaminate surface water, groundwater, or soil if it is streamed directly into the environment without treatment. Between physical and chemical, biological methods, and leachate transfer, the most effective treatment is the biological method. The purpose of this article is to understand the biological method for leachate treatment in landfills. It can be concluded that each method has different treatment results because it depends on the leachate characteristics and the treatment method. These biological methods used to treat leachate, even with various leachate characteristics, also can be combined to produce effluent from leachate treatment below the established standards.

Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methylene Blue with Two Photoreactors

Most of dyes are considered as non - biodegradable substances and because this, they have became in an environmental problem. Commercial dyes are used in paper and textile industries, and their by-products contaminate surface water sources. Titanium dioxide - based photocatalysis can be an alternative for treatment of dye - contaminated water streams before dumping, because this process can generate powerful oxidant species as hydroxyl free radicals (•OH). In this study, the photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue was carried out in a compound parabolic collector (CPC) and tubular collector (TC; no reflectors) using the radiation provided by a set of six UV black-lamps. The experimental tests corresponding to a central-composite experimental design were carried out during three hours, whereas the tests for optimal conditions were carried out during 315 min. The decolorization of the dye was measured indirectly with UV- visible absorbance. The optimal region could be determined using the Response Surface Methodology, and for CPC reactor the results were 70.8% for optimal degradation at 0.44 g/L of TiO

Prevalence and Identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Pig Slurry

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 25 of 56 pig slurry samples from 33 Irish farms by PCR and DNA sequencing. The organisms detected included C. suis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, and C. muris. We concluded that Cryptosporidium oocysts can persist in treated slurry and potentially contaminate surface water through improper discharge or uncontrolled runoff.