DAMPAK PENANGKAPAN TERHADAP EKOSISTEM: LANDASAN PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN BERKELANJUTAN

Kegiatan penangkapan berdampak langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap ekosistem secara dinamis (spasial dan temporal). Perikanan tangkap harus dikelola pada batas yang memberikan dampak yang dapat ditoleransi oleh ekosistem, merupakan prinsip pertama dalam pengelolaan perikanan dengan pendekatan ekosistem (EAFM). Ekosistem merupakan unit organisasi biologi dimana terjadi hubungan fungsional antara komponen-komponen biotik dan lingkungan abiotiknya pada suatu area tertentu (ecological boundary). Penangkapan berdampak terhadap ikan target, non-target (bycatch), serta habitat (lingkungan), yang diindikasikan oleh degradasi populasi (kematian) ikan target dan non-target, degradasi (kerusakan) fisik habitat, dan pencemaran lingkungan perairan. Pada gilirannya akan mengakibatkan terjadi degradasi dinamis struktur (jumlah jenis, kelimpahan, biomassa) dan fungsi ekosistem (reproduksi dan rantai makanan). Intensitas dampak penangkapan ditentukan oleh karakteristik kegiatan penangkapan dan kondisi sumberdaya ikan. Suatu analisis terintegrasi dengan memperhitungkan parameter-parameter tersebut diperlukan dalam studi dampak penangkapan terhadap ekosistem. Dalam kerangka EAFM terdapat solusi teknologi dan manajemen untuk mengatasi dampak penangkapan yakni: perbaikan teknologi, pengendalian input-output, manipulasi ekosistem, dan pengelolaan berbasis hak (right-based). Kata kunci: EAFM, dampak penangkapan, perikanan berkelanjutan, struktur-fungsi ekosistem

Design and Improvement of Air Pollution Monitoring System based on IoT Network for Smart Cities

Ecological boundary observing has become significant worry in present day megalopolis because of transformation and progression. Presently, air pollution is a major issue for individual’s wellbeing in urban communities that experienced the more feature, for example, the traffic, modern, or backwoods fire or contaminated skies. The planned framework utilizes IOT which gives an affordable and a viable framework to screen air effluence level specifically territory. IOT engages tremendous extent of elements and physical world subtleties. For offer intriguing administrations, to trade and impart data, IOT installs availability with dynamic capacity among gadgets can be utilized. The methodology of framework characterizes a modified structure of IOT pedestal checking gadgets which decide the degrees of poisonous in gaspresent over air.

Delimitating inland aqua-ecological zones under different climate conditions in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam

Climate change (CC) increases saltwater intrusion, changes water flow and alters the ecological characteristics that lead to significant impact on the farming activities in delta areas. This study defines inland aqua-ecological zones (AEZ) for CC conditions in the Mekong delta region, Vietnam. The hydraulic model Vietnam River Systems and Plains (VRSAP) was used to create maps of salinity and flood depth for three baseline scenarios (1998, 2000 and 2004) and their 2030 projection in the national CC scenarios. Zoning was then implemented in two levels. Level one delimitated the basic zone for inland aquaculture. Level two zoned for the purpose of adaptive aquaculture to CC. The results of the study identified seven sub-zones for ecological aquaculture of each baseline scenarios and their projection by 2030. In the context of CC, salinity intrusion area increases 1,442,228, 1,534,381, and 1,929,793 ha corresponded to the baseline scenarios years 2000, 2004, and 1998, respectively. The results of this study are the combination of the ecological boundary approach and hydraulic model and then AEZ for aquaculture was delimitated and spatially distributed. Thereby, their functions and structures of AEZ are identified in order to meet the demands of managers and planners for reducing the effects of salinity intrusion in Mekong Delta.

Studi Nilai dan Distribusi Biodiversitas di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung Hulu

ABSTRACT Study of Biodiversity Value and Distribution in The Upper Stream of Ciliwung Watershed Watershed is one of the ecological boundary that has important role related to landscape sustainability. Ciliwung Watershed is categorized as super-priority watershed in Indonesia and provides landscape services particularly mentioned in this study is biodiversity value.The study sites were located in three sub-districts in the upper stream of Ciliwung Watershed (Ciawi, Megamendung, Cisarua), Bogor District of West Java. The main objectives of this study were to analyze value and distribution of biodiversity using six indicators of landscape sustainability. The six indicators (presence of threatened species, land use and land cover change, land use intensity of organic agricultural, population, occupation, and infrastructure) were analyzed using geographical information system (GIS). Based on the result, it can be shown that Cisarua and Megamendung sub-district are the first and second largest area with high biodiversity value (4.022 Ha and 2.099 Ha). Meanwhile, Ciawi sub-district has no area with high biodiversity value. Finally, we propose six recomendations of landscape management for biodiversity sustainability in the upper stream of Ciliwung Watershed. Keywords:biodiversity value, Ciliwung Watershed, landscape service, GIS, landscape management

Ecological boundaries: a derivative of ecological entities

Defining ecological boundary as an outer envelope of an ecological entity such as an individual, colony, population, community, an ecosystem, or any other discernible unit provides methodological benefits and should thus enhance existing perspectives and research protocols. I argue that, because boundaries are features of entities, the first step in investigation of boundary structure and properties should involve identification of the entity the presumed boundary of interest belongs to. I use a general perspective where ecological systems are parts of a larger system and themselves are made of subsystems (or entities). Such a general hierarchy of ecological objects offers guidance as to how boundaries can be found for specific systems, and how their investigations might lead to reliable and generalizable insights. In particular, it may help in (a) categorizing types of boundaries based on mechanisms leading to formation of entities; (b) deciding what is and what is not a boundary by clarifying the nature of discontinuities seen in nature (e.g., sharp habitat transitions or weak separation of entities); (c) assisting in selecting fruitful resolution at which boundaries are examined; (d) approaching boundaries in complex, nested systems; and (e) deciding what criteria to use in answering questions about a particular boundary type. To facilitate the above I provide general criteria one may use for identifying ecological entities. Such criteria should assist in focusing on boundaries appropriate for a given research question. Finally, where advancing the theoretical framework for ecological boundaries is concerned, the diversity of boundary types will be better served when reorganized in relation to the concept of entity as discussed below.