Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Relatedness in an Andean Potato Collection from Argentina by High-Density Genotyping

Native potatoes are the most diverse among cultivated potato species and thus constitute a valuable source for identifying genes for potato improvement. Nevertheless, high-density mapping, needed to reveal allelic diversity, has not been performed for native Argentinian potatoes. We present a study of the genetic variability and population structure of 96 Andigena potatoes from Northwestern Argentina performed using a subset of 5035 SNPs with no missing data and full reproducibility. These high-density markers are distributed across the genome and present a good coverage of genomic regions. A Bayesian approach revealed the presence of: (I) a major group comprised of most of the Andean accessions; (II) a smaller group containing the out-group cv. Spunta and the sequenced genotype DM; and (III) a third group containing colored flesh potatoes. This grouping was also consistent when maximum likelihood trees were constructed and further confirmed by a principal coordinate analysis. A group of 19 accessions stored as Andean varieties clustered consistently with group Tuberosum accessions. This was in agreement with previous studies and we hypothesized that they may be reintroductions of European-bred long day-adapted potatoes. The present study constitutes a valuable source for allele mining of genes of interest and thus provides a tool for association mapping studies.

Virus Incidence Associated with Native Potato Yield in Microcenters of Potato Genetic Diversity of Bolivian

In the Bolivian Andean region, a diversity native potatoes species (Solanum spp) are cultivated. Areas where many types of native potato are grown are known as microcentres of potato genetic diversity. However, yields are low in these places, apparently related to viral infections. The incidence of the potato-affecting viruses Potato Virus X (PVX), Potato Virus Y (PVY), Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV), Andean Potato Latent Virus (APLV) and Andean Potato Mottle Virus (APMoV) was examined by DAS-ELISA in microcentres of two high Andean regions of Bolivia, i.e. an Aymara culture region in the north of La Paz, and a Quechua culture region in the Dept. of Cochabamba. The relationship between viral incidence and potato yield was explored as well. The presence of all five viruses was detected in both regions, except APMoV in the Aymara region. The mean overall incidence of viral infection was greater in the Aymara than in the Quechua region. The most commonly detected viruses were PVX, PVY and APLV. Mix-infections of PVY + PVX and PVY + PLRV were most common in the Aymara region, and PVX + APLV and PVX + APMoV in the Quechua region. Potato yield was less in Aymara than in Quechua region and it was correlated to higher incidence of PVY and PVX in Aymara region. Low yields and high incidence of viral infection seems to be related to the ancestral management by planting native seed potatoes of poor quality. In conclusion, four of the five viruses sought were detected in the Aymara region, and all five in the Quechua region, although the overall incidence of viral infection was greater in the Aymara region, where the yields recorded were also lower.Resumen.En la región andina boliviana se cultivan una diversidad de especies nativas de papa (Solanum spp). Las áreas donde se cultivan muchos tipos de papa nativa se conocen como microcentros de diversidad genética de la papa. Sin embargo, los rendimientos son bajos en estos lugares, aparentemente relacionados con infecciones virales. Se examinó la incidencia de los virus que afectan a la papa, el Virus X de la Papa (PVX), Virus Y de la Papa (PVY), Virus del Rollo de hoja de Papa (PLRV), Virus Latente de la Papa Andina (APLV) y Virus moteado de la Papa Andina(APMoV) por DAS-ELISA en microcentros de dos regiones altoandinas de Bolivia, por ejemplo, una región de cultivo Aymara en el norte de La Paz y una región de cultivo Quechua en el Departamento de Cochabamba. También se exploró la relación entre la incidencia viral y el rendimiento de la papa. Se detectó la presencia de los cinco virus en ambas regiones, excepto APMoV en la región Aymara. La incidencia global media de infección viral fue mayor en la región Aymara que en la región Quechua. Los virus más comúnmente detectados fueron PVX, PVY y APLV. Las infecciones por mezcla de PVY + PVX y PVY + PLRV fueron más comunes en la región Aymara, y PVX + APLV y PVX + APMoV en la región Quechua. El rendimiento de papa fue menor enAaymara que en la región Quechua y se correlacionó con una mayor incidencia de PVY y PVX en la región Aymara. Estamos evidenciando que los bajos rendimientos y la alta incidencia de infección viral parecen estar relacionados con el manejo ancestral mediante la siembra de papas de semilla nativa de mala calidad. En conclusión, cuatro de los cinco virus buscados se detectaron en la región Aymara, y los cinco en la región Quechua, aunque la incidencia general de infección viral fue mayor en la región Aymara, donde los rendimientos registrados también fueron menores.

Correction to: Andean potato diversity conserved in the International Potato Center genebank helps develop agriculture in Uganda: the example of the variety ‘Victoria’

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01136-6