Demystifying Multi-Tier Cost Model for Scheduling in Fog Communication Networks

In this chapter, the authors explore a cost model and the come about cost-minimization client booking issue in multi-level mist figuring organizations. For an average multi-level haze figuring network comprising of one haze control hub (FCN), different fog access nodes (FANs), and user equipment (UE), how to model the cost paid to FANs for propelling assets sharing and how to adequately plan UEs to limit the cost for FCN are still issues to be settled. To unravel these issues, multi-level cost model, including the administration delay and a straight backwards request dynamic installment conspire, is proposed, and a cost-minimization client planning issue is defined. Further, the client planning issue is reformulated as an expected game and demonstrated to have a Nash equilibrium (NE) arrangement.

Metode Power Control sebagai Manajemen Interferensi pada Komunikasi Device to Device

Teknologi komunikasi yang sedang berkembang saat ini sudah memasuki generasi ke-5 (5G), dengan salah satu solusi yang ditawarkan adalah komunikasi device to device (D2D). Skema yang digunakan pada makalah ini adalah cooperative D2D dengan Mobile User Equipment (MUE) yang berada jauh dari eNodeB (eNB). D2D User Equipment (DUE) berperan sebagai relay yang membantu MUE dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan. Efek yang ditimbulkan komunikasi D2D adalah interferensi, sehingga untuk mengatasinya dilakukan metode power control. Makalah ini menggunakan tiga simulasi perbandingan, yaitu Tanpa Power Control, skema Power Control 1, dan Power Control 2. Skema yang digunakan pada Power Control 1 adalah skema fixed power control, sedangkan skema Power Control 2 menggunakan adaptive power control. Dengan menggunakan Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), diperoleh hasil bahwa skema Power Control 1 mampu memperbaiki SINR sebesar 0,124 dB untuk downlink dan 0,0814 dB untuk uplink, sedangkan skema Power Control 2 mampu menaikkan SINR 0,0316 dB untuk downlink dan 0,0627 dB untuk uplink. Berdasarkan hasil akhir terkait SINR, throughput, dan CDF, metode Power Control 1 memiliki hasil yang lebih baik daripada metode Power Control 2.

User-Centric UAV Group Power Allocation Algorithm

User-centric unmanned aerial vehicle group (UUAVG) organizes a dynamic user-centric access point group for each user, which can improve user service quality and throughput. However, in UUAVG, unmanned aerial vehicle user equipment (UUE) and device-to-device user equipment (DUE) using the same frequency will cause co-frequency interference and reduce system performance. In response to this problem, a power allocation algorithm of the two-level Stackelbreg game (PAOTLSG) is proposed. The algorithm builds a two-level Stackelberg game model based on UUE and DUE and uses power control coefficients and other parameters to control UAV adjust with the transmit power of DUE to achieve dynamic balance. The optimal transmit power of UAV and DUE is theoretically deduced to achieve the game Nash equilibrium and theoretically prove the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium solution. The simulation results show that compared with the pricing-based Stackelbreg game (PSG) algorithm, the PAOTLSG algorithm can effectively increase the throughput by 4.65%.

A Novel Procedure of Enhancing the Throughput of a Mode-2 Sidelink Based on Partial Sensing

Partial sensing is used to reduce the power consumption of pedestrian user equipment (P-UE) that operates in the signal environment of a mode-2 sidelink. However, because the data trans-mission is allowed only for the window duration of each corresponding P-UE, the throughput of the P-UE decreases by the ratio between the width of the window and the entire data period. This paper presents a novel method for enhancing the throughput of the P-UE that operates with partial sensing in the mode-2 sidelink. The proposed technique employs an additional UE, denoted the roadside unit (RSU), to collect the sensing results from each P-UE that operates with partial sensing. The proposed RSU sequentially aligns all of the partial sensing windows, such that the combination of each partial sensing window can eventually provide an almost complete sensing result. In this study, extensive computer simulations were performed. The results reveal that the proposed method enhances the throughput of each P-UE operating with partial sensing almost to that of full sensing without increasing the required power consumption.

A Voltage Sag Severity Evaluation Method for the System Side which Considers the Influence of the Voltage Tolerance Curve and Sag Type

Considering the influence of user equipment voltage tolerance characteristics and sag types on the evaluation results, this paper proposes a voltage sag severity evaluation method for the system side which considers the influence of the voltage tolerance curve and sag type. As such, a quantitative evaluation of the severity of voltage sag events can be achieved. Firstly, the user’s voltage tolerance curve is used to construct the comparison reference value of the energy index, in order to realize the rapid analysis of the severity of the sag event in the normal area and the abnormal area. Secondly, aiming at the problem of insufficient descriptions of the severity difference of sag events in uncertain areas, an improved energy index evaluation model combined with user tolerance characteristics is established through an interval division and interval weight calculation, so as to divide and evaluate the severity of sag events in uncertain areas. Considering the influence of the sag type on the voltage tolerance curve and user equipment, the energy index correction factor is then constructed, and the measurement function is used for an interval evaluation to obtain the ranking result of the voltage sag severity, which is more in line with the actual situation. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by analyzing 24 voltage sag events at a monitoring node.