A Model to Evaluate the Effect of Urban Road Pricing on Traffic Speed and Congestion in Madrid City Center and Its Surrounding

Currently, traffic intensity in large cities and their surroundings constitute the main unsustainability factor associated with urban transport, leading to significant traffic speed reduction due to high levels of congestion. Road pricing seems to be a measure of transport policy capable of improving efficiency and sustainability in urban transport, reducing traffic intensity and increasing traffic speed, as reflected in the main road pricing indicators currently in operation (Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan...). Based on the data obtained through a mobility survey applied to a theoretical design of road pricing for the city of Madrid, we developed a traffic speed forecast model using time series analysis, to which we applied the mobility survey results. The research results show that theoretical urban road pricing could imply very significant positive effects in traffic speed increase and congestion reduction, fundamentally in the city center and metropolitan crown, as well as demonstrating positive effects in the improvement of traffic speed in those municipalities furthest from the urban center. Moreover, our findings reveal that road pricing would allow an average traffic speed increase in the protected area of the city center during the operating hours of between 10% and 32.5%: 15.9% in the metropolitan crown, 10% in M-30, and 32.5% in the case of Madrid’s city center.

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Approche SIG Pour La Modélisation Du Réseau Routier Et La Mesure De L’accessibilité Aux Équipements Publics. Cas De La Ville d’Agadir

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n2p38 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Charaf eddine Benichou ◽

Mokhlis Derkaoui Alaoui ◽

Ali Faleh

Keyword(s):

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Urban Road ◽

Public Facilities ◽

Marginal Areas ◽

Network Analyst ◽

Urban Public Transport ◽

The City

The study of road networks and accessibility to public facilities in Morocco doesn’t receive enough importance in regional planning. Most of the work carried out in the field is limited to diagnosis, relying on traditional tools of analysis and description. The goal of this article is to propose a thorough analysis of public facilities accessibility using isochronous maps, which will not only make it possible to evaluate the quality of urban transport system, but also guarantee the equity of the geographical distribution of public services. The study area is the urban commune of Agadir city on Morocco’s southwest coast. The approach used for this purpose is based on urban road network modeling, travel time calculations and geographic information software (GIS). Therefore, a Geographical Information System dedicated to Transport (GIST) was built, supplied with structured data in a geodatabase, and analyzed by using ArcGIS Network Analyst extension. The results demonstrate that Access to public facilities in the city of Agadir differs in quality according to districts and the types of services. However, the most remote marginal areas remain the most affected areas, both in terms of equipment distribution. the availability of transport infrastructure, or the quality of service in urban public transport.

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Traffic noise, air pollutants and incidence of diabetes mellitus: a population cohort study in Milan

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

P Magnoni ◽

R Murtas ◽

A G Russo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Traffic Intensity ◽

City Center ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Stratified Analysis ◽

The City

Abstract Background Recent evidence suggests a link between long-term exposure to traffic-related pollution and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. The present study aims at exploring this association in a highly urbanized setting such as the city of Milan. Methods This is a population-based retrospective dynamic cohort study in the municipality of Milan. All residents aged >35 years with no prior diagnosis of diabetes were included (N = 1096654), with follow-up ranging from January 2011 to June 2019. The residential address of each subject was geocoded and assigned mean values of traffic noise at the day-evening-night level (Lden, dB) and NO2 concentration (µg/m3) using a noise predictive model and a NO2 land-use regression model with 30x30 m grid resolution. Associations with a new diagnosis of diabetes were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, nationality and a socio-economic deprivation index. A dichotomous classification of addresses as city center/suburban based on the External Ring Road as a delimiter was also used for a stratified analysis. Results New diagnoses of diabetes occurred in 26134 subjects (2.4%). Models using NO2, either continuous or ranked into quintiles, yielded no significant results. When using noise to categorize traffic intensity (<65/65-69/70-74/≥75 dB), a positive yet non-significant trend was shown. At stratified analysis, increases in risk were found for the two highest levels of exposure in the city center (70-74 dB: HR 1.141, 95% C.I. 1.013-1.284; ≥75 dB: HR 1.185, 95% C.I. 1.058-1.328). Conclusions Residential proximity to high-traffic roads categorized according to traffic noise was found to be associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with diabetes. The effect is evident in the city center, whereas in the suburban area it might be masked by individual and lifestyle factors that ought to be investigated in future studies. Key messages Living close to high-traffic roads in a highly urbanized environment increases the risk of diabetes. Policies aimed at reducing traffic intensity in large cities may lower the incidence of this highly prevalent chronic condition.

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The Marginal Cost of Traffic Congestion and Road Pricing: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Beijing

American Economic Journal Economic Policy ◽

10.1257/pol.20170195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 418-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jun Yang ◽

Avralt-Od Purevjav ◽

Shanjun Li

Keyword(s):

Traffic Congestion ◽

Natural Experiment ◽

Road Pricing ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Traffic Data ◽

City Center ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Restriction Policy ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

Severe traffic congestion is ubiquitous in large urban centers. This paper provides the first causal estimate of the relationship between traffic density and speed and optimal congestion charges using real-time fine-scale traffic data in Beijing. The identification relies on plausibly exogenous variation in traffic density induced by Beijing’s driving restriction policy. Optimal congestion charges range from 5 to 39 cents per km depending on time and location. Road pricing would increase traffic speed by 11 percent within the city center and lead to an annual welfare gain of ¥1.5 billion from reduced congestion and revenue of ¥10.5 billion. (JEL H23, O18, P25, R41, R48)

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Activate the city center utility Measure the variables to activate the functionality of the city center case stady: AL-Kut city center

Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.31185/ejuow.vol5.iss1.75 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 154-173

Author(s):

احسان عباس جاسم

Keyword(s):

Urban Transport ◽

Easy Access ◽

City Center ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Small Cities ◽

Cultural Center ◽

Performance Career ◽

Center Axis ◽

The City

Cities turn constantly grow and decay, Jobs many of its parts are constantly changing and therefore land use change, this change is a natural thing and the year of the ways of the universe, but in all cases and in all kinds of cities and all over the world is the city center is the city center of the most important of their parts and linked to the effectiveness of the city economic and social Hoitha closely linked to design the city center, whether small cities and concentric or large multicenter Disembowels main center axis performance career city it contains a large share of the buildings of all ages and styles and play an important and unique role in economic and social development so the city in order to be strong and prosperous must be right position and strong and free of problems. And make up the commercial, social and cultural center, this area is the most parts of the city easy access, where the focus of the urban transport network. The rapid growth of the Iraqi cities has led to a rapid transformation in the city centers, this transformation has not planned well and appropriately and led thus to the decline in the quality of life in cities, research has investigated the best ways and methods to determine the growth centers and Taktihaa trends to fit into the new job with the expansion of cities, as was the use of surveys and analysis of geographic information systems, and search out that urban centers are suffering a lot of problems and defects and should be reconsidered and planned development of appropriate its standards.

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Has COVID-19 Lockdown Affected on Air Quality?—Different Time Scale Case Study in Wrocław, Poland

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12121549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1549

Author(s):

Tomasz Turek ◽

Ewa Diakowska ◽

Joanna A. Kamińska

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Reference Period ◽

City Center ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The City ◽

Communication Station

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are series of negative economic consequences, however, in limiting mobility and reducing the number of vehicles, positive effects can also be observed, i.e., improvement of air quality. The paper presents an analysis of air quality measured by concentrations of NO2, NOx and PM2.5 during the most restrictive lockdown from 10 March to 31 May 2020 on the case of Wrocław. The results were compared with the reference period—2016–2019. A significant reduction in traffic volume was identified, on average by 26.3%. The greatest reduction in the concentration of NO2 and NOx was recorded at the station farthest from the city center, characterized by the lowest concentrations: 20.1% and 22.4%. Lower reduction in the average concentrations of NO2 and NOx was recorded at the municipal station (7.9% and 7.7%) and the communication station (6.7% and 10.2%). Concentrations of PMs in 2020 were on average 15% and 13.4% lower than in the reference period for the traffic station and the background station. The long-term impact of the lockdown on air quality was also examined. The analysis of the concentrations of the pollutants throughout 2020, and in the analyzed period of 2021, indicated that the reduction of concentrations and the improvement in air quality caused by the restrictions should be considered as a temporary anomaly, without affecting long-term changes and trends.

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Management of Municipal Public Transport Vehicle Journeys by Using the PERT Method

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4403

Author(s):

Dariusz Masłowski ◽

Kinga Kijewska ◽

Ewa Kulińska

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Life Quality ◽

Transport Policy ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

City Development ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Innovative Solution ◽

Bus Service ◽

The City

These days, seamless moving about a city is a determinant of the city’s competitiveness, and is decisive for the life quality in the city. Hence, taking care of appropriate traffic organisation is one of the major tasks of the city authorities. Development of optimal production and spatial interrelations, considering their costs, efficiency and scope of services rendered to individual entities, enables economic and ecological development of the region. Therefore, the issue of major importance for a city is implementing a transport policy that makes it possible to choose a specified method of development (transformation) of the existing transport system in such a way so that it is coherent with the adopted strategy for the city development. The purpose of a transport policy conducted by city authorities should be maintaining the functioning of the urban transport on at least a satisfactory level. The main purpose of the article is to present an innovative solution for optimising the journeys of public transport vehicles, using the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) method. The method was developed on the basis of the research carried out in the city of Opole, Poland. The article presents a Multicriteria Model of Controlling the vehicles of the Municipal Public Transport-CVMPT) and the method implementation algorithm along with assumptions. The model presented in this article shows the possible way of optimising public transport systems operated in cities, taking into account the travel time of any given bus service, based on normal distribution and the computed probability of such traffic. The application of the method has brought many positive effects through providing optimisation measures in the structure of the municipal public transport.

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Evaluating the impact and risk of pluvial flash flood on intra-urban road network: A case study in the city center of Shanghai, China

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.037 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 537 ◽

pp. 138-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Jie Yin ◽

Dapeng Yu ◽

Zhane Yin ◽

Min Liu ◽

Qing He

Keyword(s):

Road Network ◽

Flash Flood ◽

City Center ◽

Urban Road Network ◽

Urban Road ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

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Street Art Participation in Increasing Investments in the City Center of Bucharest, a Paradox or Not?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132413697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 13697

Author(s):

Andreea-Loreta Cercleux

Keyword(s):

Urban Regeneration ◽

Cultural Development ◽

Creative Industries ◽

Economic Life ◽

Street Art ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

City Center ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This article analyses street art’s contribution to the current economic life in the city center of an Eastern European capital, Bucharest. The development of socio-economic activities in the Romanian capital has been strongly influenced in the last 30 years by a complex of effects generated by the transition to the capitalist economy in the early 1990s, the impact of globalization, and recently the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the investigation of those areas that through street art came to know processes of urban regeneration. By applying semi-structured interviews to providers of alternative guided tours, but also questionnaires among the population that is familiar with this subculture, including an organization of urban regeneration through street art, an important number of economically new spaces, next to reinvented ones, have been investigated. In these areas, street art ends up by supporting activities from hospitality, cultural, and creative industries, changing for the better the perspectives of economic and cultural development, along with the attractiveness of the Bucharest city center. Street art proves to be an important tool in the regeneration process bringing positive effects when involving active cooperation between the public and the private sectors.

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