OBESITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CANCER: PART IV

Part I thru III discussed obesity, its general relationship with cancer and its specific impact on six cancers, namely those involving the breast, colorectal tissues, esophagus, stomach. gall bladder, and liver. This part (Part IV) deals with obesity and its relationship with cancers of the endometrium, ovary, pancreas, prostate, kidneys, thyroid, and lung. Meningioma and multiple myeloma are also discussed.

Islam and Terrorism: The Blurred Boundary Between the Cosmic and this World

Today the barbarity of crimes in the name of religion is all the more disturbing particularly when one considers the righteous religious language in which such heinous acts are cloaked. Violence perpetrated in the name of God continues to engage the world at alarming levels. It is in this regard that this study examines the general relationship between violence and religion in the specific context of Islam from the point of view of the cosmic war theory as advanced by Mark Juergensmeyer. The study observes that violent activities related to Islam are a result of the blurring of boundaries between the symbolic cosmic world of religion and this world, as a result of which the symbolic violence of religion translates into real violence. This translation is occasioned by violent groups in Islam legitimising their violence on the inherent symbolic violence of religions as they respond to ‘unfavourable’ local and global structural conditions.

Alimentación ontológica e incorporación ética en Levinas

En el siguiente trabajo exponemos la tesis de Emmanuel Levinas según la cual en la subjetividad se entrelazan dos momentos, uno ontológico y uno propiamente ético, alejándose así del paradigma de la identidad. Sostenemos que dicha estructura co-implicada de la subjetividad puede entenderse, a partir de las dos obras principales de Levinas (Totalidad e infinito y De otro modo que ser o más allá de la esencia), a la luz de un movimiento incorporativo no-asimilativo de la alteridad. Mostramos así, en primer lugar, cómo la retórica alimentaria del comer-al y con-otro no sólo puede tener rendimiento especulativo en el caso de la tematización de la estructura ontológica del vivir de… sino que incluso funciona como catacresis fundamental en el caso de la exposición de la subjetividad como substitución. Finalmente, proponemos que estos análisis permiten una relectura de la estructura misma de la relación general con la alteridad en Levinas en términos de incorporación. In the following article we expose Emmanuel Levinas’ thesis about an altered subjectivity that has two intertwined moments: one ontological and one properly ethical. We hold that this co-implicated structure of subjectivity can be understood, in the context of the two main works of Levinas (Totality and Infinity and Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence), in the light of a non-assimilative incorporative movement of alterity. We show, in the first place, how the rhetoric of eating the-other and with-other has an speculative function both in the thematization of the ontological structure of the living of ... and in the thesis about subjectivity as a substitution – as a fundamental catachresis. Finally, we propose that these analyzes allow a rereading of the structure of the general relationship with otherness in Levinas in terms of incorporation

On independent position sets in graphs

An independent set S of vertices in a graph G is an independent position set if no three vertices of S lie on a common geodesic. An independent position set of maximum size is an ip-set of G. The cardinality of an ip-set is the independent position number, denoted by ip(G). In this paper, we introduce and study the independent position number of a graph. Certain general properties of these concepts are discussed. Graphs of order n having the independent position number 1 or n − 1 are characterized. Bounds for the independent position number of Cartesian and Lexicographic product graphs are determined and the exact value for Corona product graphs are obtained. Finally, some realization results are proved to show that there is no general relationship between independent position sets and other related graph invariants.

The Influence of Anthropomorphism on Giving Personal Names to Objects

Some people give a proper name to an owned individual object, such as a car or a computer. The study examined whether giving a proper name to a specific object is associated with object personification, and more specifically, whether object personification is a prerequisite to name giving. The latter question was assessed by asking 130 participants whether, in their adult life, they had ever given a personal name to an object, and if so, whether they had attributed psychological characteristics to that named object. The general relationship between personal name giving and personification was assessed by evaluating whether the scores from a questionnaire on anthropomorphism differed in participants who reported having given a specific name to at least one personal object, compared with those who reported not doing so (Mann-Whitney’s U test). Results showed that the scores from the questionnaire on anthropomorphism were significantly higher for participants who had given specific names to objects than for participants who had not done so. However, object personification was not found to be a prerequisite to name giving. Indeed, about 40 percent of people who reported giving personal names to objects did not attribute psychological qualities to these objects.

Higher order stroboscopic averaged functions: a general relationship with Melnikov functions

In the research literature, one can find distinct notions for higher order averaged functions of regularly perturbed non-autonomous T-periodic differential equations of the kind x′=ε F(t,x,ε ). By one hand, the classical (stroboscopic) averaging method provides asymptotic estimates for its solutions in terms of some uniquely defined functions gi's, called averaged functions, which are obtained through near-identity stroboscopic transformations and by solving homological equations. On the other hand, a Melnikov procedure is employed to obtain bifurcation functions fi's which controls in some sense the existence of isolated T-periodic solutions of the differential equation above. In the research literature, the bifurcation functions fi's are sometimes likewise called averaged functions, nevertheless, they also receive the name of Poincaré–Pontryagin–Melnikov functions or just Melnikov functions. While it is known that f1=Tg1, a general relationship between gi and fi is not known so far for i≥ 2. Here, such a general relationship between these two distinct notions of averaged functions is provided, which allows the computation of the stroboscopic averaged functions of any order avoiding the necessity of dealing with near-identity transformations and homological equations. In addition, an Appendix is provided with implemented Mathematica algorithms for computing both higher order averaging functions.

Nonbiblical Comics Engage the Bible

This chapter offers a sketch of the general relationship between comics understood as “nonbiblical” (or not directly portraying biblical material) and the Bible. Although comics are still recovering from a Cold War–era reputation for being “lowbrow” in the United States, they are an important window into the reception of biblical material. Comics that treat near-biblical material in particular are an intriguing area for study. They offer a set of visual languages whose translation and evaluation give insight into the text of the Bible and its interpretation. Attention to the visual can yield suggestive insights in a traditionally textual field of study. This chapter introduces the concept of the Bible as an icon and gives a brief demonstration of the use of a particular set of closely related but nonetheless nonbiblical comics to reflect on biblical characters, and concludes by offering questions that might benefit from further study of these texts.

Athens and Delphi in the Classical Period: Exploring a Religious Relationship

In this article, I present an interpretation in religious terms of what Athenians were doing when they went to Delphi as representatives of their city. I begin by briefly outlining the key moments of Athenian involvement with Delphi in the classical period, which is roughly from 479 to 338 BCE, and the general relationship between city and sanctuary. I then look at the activities of the Athenian delegates to the Delphic Amphiktyony, whose responsibilities included representing the city of Athens at the festival of the Pylaia at Anthela and offering sacrifice at Delphi. I then turn to sacred ambassadors coming to consult the oracle, and show that occasions of consultation were festival occasions and that the experience of the theōroi was profoundly religious. I demonstrate that more than any immediate political concerns, maintaining a good relationship with Apollo was central to these activities. Evidence will be drawn largely from inscriptions from Delphi and literary sources from Athens, dating to the period under investigation.

Realist Constructivism: An Introduction

This chapter looks at the general relationship between realism and constructivism in international relations theory. It introduces both approaches, and argues that the distinctions often drawn between them, such as those between materialism and idealism and between logics of consequences and appropriateness, do not in fact make them incompatible. It suggests that areas of fruitful overlap between realism and constructivism are to be found in the study of the institution of the state and of individual agency in foreign policy. The chapter also lays out the plan of the book, and briefly introduces the other chapters.