The Name of God

Podstawowym wydarzeniem w tradycji wiary biblijnego Izraela jest objawienie szczególnego, osobistego imienia Boga: ’ehyeh – yhwh (Exod 3:13-15). Ma to miejsce w Egipcie w kontekście zagrożenia życia potomków Abrahama, Izaaka i Jakuba. Objawione w takich okolicznościach imię Boga ma być gwarancją i rękojmią zbawienia. W tym sensie osobiste imię Boga Izraela jest osią całej biblijnej historii zbawienia nadającej jej jedność i ciągłość w czasie. Objawione osobiste imię Boga Izraela jest znakiem jedności i jedyności zarówno Tego, Który objawia się przez nie, jak również tych, którzy jednoczą się w tym imieniu. Fundamentalną cechą imienia Boga jest to, że jest On Bogiem dla nas

NAQŠBANDĪ E MALĀMATĪ: UNA QUESTIONE DI METODO

Riassunto: Tra le correnti più antiche della storia del Sufismo, i Malāmatiyya sono in particolare coloro che seguono “La Via del Biasimo” e che nel loro comportamento agiscono in modo da non lasciare nessuna traccia della propria attitudine spirituale tra la gente che li circonda. Secondo Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Al-Sulamī essi erano un gruppo di asceti che vivevano nella città di Nīšāpūr alla fine del IX secolo: molti autori dicono che uno dei più importanti appartenenti a questa scuola fosse stato Bayazīd al-Bisṭāmī (m. 874). Nel XIII secolo i Ḫwājaġān, una corrente diffusa ampiamente nell’Asia centrale durante l’epoca del dominio dei mongoli Chagatay, praticavano una ritualità molto simile a quella dei Malāmatiyya di Nīšāpūr, basata sulla “menzione del Nome di Dio in segreto” (ḏikr-i ḫafī) e sulla “solitudine tra la folla” (ḫalwat dar anjoman). Due di questi Ḫwājaġān furono i maestri di Ḫwāja Bahā’uddīn Naqšband (m. 1389). I temi e la pratica della “Via del Biasimo” riappaiono nella tradizione naqšbandī e acquistano profondità e solidità dottrinale nell’opera di Šayḫ Aḥmad Sirhindī (m. 1625) il “Rinnovatore del secondo millennio” dell’Islām (muǧaddid-i alf-i ṯānī). Abstract: Among the oldest currents in the history of Sufism, the Malāmatiyya are especially those who follow “The Path of Blame” and who in their behaviour act in such a way as to leave no trace of their spiritual attitude among the people around them. According to Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Al-Sulamī, they were a group of ascetics who lived in the town of Nīšāpūr at the end of the 9th century: many authors say that one of the most important members of this school was Bayazīd al-Bisṭāmī (m. 874). In the 13th century the Ḫwājaġān, a current widespread in Central Asia during the era of the rule of the Chagatay Mongols, practiced a rituality very similar to that of the Malāmatiyya of Nīšāpūr, based on the “mention of the Name of God in secret” (ḏikr- i ḫafī) and on “solitude in the crowd” (ḫalwat dar anjoman). Two of these Ḫwājaġān were the masters of Ḫwāja Bahā’uddīn Naqšband (d. 1389). The themes and the practice of the “Way of Blame” reappear in the naqšbandī tradition and acquire doctrinal depth and solidity in the work of Šayḫ Aḥmad Sirhindī (d. 1625), the “Renewer of the Second Millennium” of Islam (muǧaddid-i alf-i ṯānī).

HAM dan Hukum Islam

Ham as an agreement made by humans, has legal force that is recognized by the whole world. On the other hand, Islam as a religion also has a source of law that regulates human life and of course the laws regulated in Islam are in the name of God and justice. Human rights debates often occur when Islamic law wants to be applied, for example, cutting hands, capital punishment and so on. Though the punishment is in the name of God and justice. This is the object of a research study on how Islam views human rights, this study has also been carried out by several researchers such as Sitti Aminah's writing with the title "Human Rights in the Perspective of the Qur'an", besides that there is an article from Nur Asiah who wrote an article with the title Rights Human Rights Perspective of Islamic Law. Although these two articles write about human rights, there is a difference with this research, which lies in the methodology and discussion. The methodology used is the comparative method, which means that comparisons between several cases of Islamic law and ordinary legal cases such as imprisonment and hand cutting are compared. The conclusion from the results of this study or this paper is that human rights and Islamic law both want to create justice, only that the difference between the source of the decision is if human rights are in the name of human justice while Islamic law is in the name of God and justice.

“The Great Crusade”: D-Day in American Culture c.1944–2001

Focusing on political speech, commemorative ceremonies, and various cultural media (especially historiography, memorials and films), this article explores the discursive construction within American culture of D-Day – the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 – as “crusade”, that is, as an example of a righteous and redemptive mission undertaken in the name of God in order to deliver the oppressed peoples of Europe from the darkness and evil of Nazi rule. The article traces the origins of this rhetorical framing during the war itself, before shifting to examine its fortunes, lines and limits through to the end of the twentieth century. The article furthers our understanding of exactly how D-Day has been represented in American culture, and it teases out what might be termed a chronology of cultural traction. In doing so, it identifies those moments in which the linkage between D-Day and “crusading” has been firmly expressed as well as those other moments in which this linkage became rather more subterranean and subsumed, often remaining detectable only via inference or through careful attention to some of the images, ideas and narrative themes deployed in speech and ceremony.

Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Contentions in Joyce Carol Oates’s: A Book of American Martyrs

This thesis probes into the issue on pro-life and pro-choice contentions in Joyce Carol Oates’s: A Book of American Martyrs. Karl Marx explains how capitalists maneuver the deferred redemption intrinsic of religion per se to exploit and oppress workers and re-enforce capitalism proper. In the novel, the transformation of Luther and Gus provides a convincible account for Luther’s frenzy and Gus’s irreligion. This thesis discusses argues that the workers are unconsciously subjected to the governance of the dominant group via the conceptualization of religious ideology and religious culture industry. It should be condemned to impose one’s belief on the others, or even to commit murder ruthlessly in the name of God.

The Participation of God and the Torah in Early Kabbalah

All Abrahamic religions have developed hypostatic and semi-divine perceptions of scripture. This article presents an integrated picture of a rich tradition developed in early kabbalah (twelfth–thirteenth century) that viewed the Torah as participating and identifying with the Godhead. Such presentation could serve scholars of religion as a valuable tool for future comparisons between the various perceptions of scripture and divine revelation. The participation of God and Torah can be divided into several axes: the identification of Torah with the Sefirot, the divine gradations or emanations according to kabbalah; Torah as the name of God; Torah as the icon and body of God; and the commandments as the substance of the Godhead. The article concludes by examining the mystical implications of this participation, particularly the notion of interpretation as eros in its broad sense, both as the “penetration” of a female Torah and as taking part in the creation of the world and of God, and the notion of unification with Torah and, through it, with the Godhead.

Ivan Bunin and Eastern Mysticism

The influence of ideas of Eastern mysticism is manifested in Ivan Bunin’s understanding of the artistic path as spiritual ascent. This article analyses Bunin’s short stories The Death of the Prophet and The Stone based on the combination of times and spaces. The artistic specificity of these stories is determined by the presence of Biblical and Quranic motifs, as well as Saadi’s philosophical and parable texts. The article contains surahs of the Quran and fragments of Saadi’s poems, which make it possible to clarify the figurative genesis of Bunin’s stories characterised by a high artistic simplicity, brevity, and philosophical depth. The eastern imagery of the stories receives lyrical development in the poems Abraham, Law, Muhammad and Safiya, and others. It is noted that in The Death of the Prophet, the writer creates a typical image of a sage following the mystical path of spiritual improvement. Qur’anic influence is confirmed by the use of Bismillah in The Death of the Prophet and in the poem Law, i. e. the testimony that reveals 113 surahs of the Quran: In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. The authors pay special attention to the presence in The Death of the Prophet of Shahadatain, the formula of conversion to Islam containing the confession of the testimonies of Islam. Depicting the “other” eastern world, Bunin focuses on cultural, moral, and historical issues. In the work of the writer, emphasis is placed on the unity of the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Bunin’s orientalism, the distant world is portrayed as spiritualised and light. It is concluded that for the writer, the main thing is to “survey the Beauty of the World”, to see the “combination of the beautiful and the eternal”, to know what the “truth” is, and, finally, to complete the mystical path.

In the Name of God? Religion, Silence and Extortion

This article critically analyses the role religion (I refer here to Islam and Christianity) has played in promoting silence and extortion in Africa with particular reference to Nigeria. In my philosophical analysis, African and Western literatures will guide my reflection on religion, the role it played in advancing the colonial agenda and its use in today’s African societies. This analysis seeks to present a case for the position that the colonial debris of disempowerment, injustices, manipulation, and extortion are still very much part of African society. They have only assumed new outlooks and language, thus plunging many Africans into silence in the face of what is often presented as sacred and unknown. The desired aim of this article is to present a philosophical critique of religion by comparing it with existing use of religion in Africa, especially Nigeria. Keywords: Religion, Christianity, Extortion, Silence, Nigeria, Injustice

Arabic-5 The impact of sectarian nervousness on the individual and society from the perspective of the Holy Quran

The reality of sectarianism and entrenchment around sectarian nervousness between humanity in general and between Muslims in particular has become the strongest and established truth in today's world, and the truth has become a martyr on the scene of the narrow and dark vision of this or that nervousness, and therefore there is no longer any apparent hope for gathering or talking about commonalities in light of borrowed The fire of sectarianism that deepened the breaks and barriers between people, but pushed them to the point of sedition and the use of the sword in the necks in the name of God and religion, as it presented the disgusted feelings of them. As for the praiseworthy nervousness, it is adherence and strong circumvention around the vocabulary of solidarity, cooperation and unity, this vocabulary absent from our reality, which live in a lonely alienation, and do not go beyond the tongues that it uses as a sign on some occasions whenever it pleases. Questions that I try to answer through a study of this dilemma, which we ask God Almighty to grant the Islamic Ummah success in moving away from it and returning to the truth and to the straight path. The research may include a preface, an introduction, and four sections. As for the conclusion, it includes the most important results of the research, and the indexes of the topic are as follows: Preface: The Concept of Doctrinal Neuropsychiatry The first topic: the types of nervousness and the characteristics of a fanatic. The second topic: the causes of doctrinal nervousness. The third topic: the effects of sectarian nervousness on the individual and society. The fourth topic: The role of preachers in addressing sectarian nervousness from the perspective of the Noble Qur’an. I ask God to help us to understand and act according to what he wants, to make our endeavors in this world a blessed one, and to honor us with his help for his obedience and sincerity in it. Trustworthy.