Comparación de pruebas para medir la fatiga muscular en el entrenamiento de atletas hombres de CrossFit: una revisión sistemática (Comparison of tests to measure muscle fatigue in training of male CrossFit athlete: a systematic review)

El CrossFit es un entrenamiento sumamente practicado por diversos atletas alrededor del mundo, los cuales se preparan cada año para ser mejores y ser seleccionados para competir en los CrossFit Games. Actualmente se conoce muy poco acerca de las pruebas que valoran la fatiga muscular en atletas que practique este tipo de entrenamiento. La fatiga muscular tiene un papel fundamental en el rendimiento de los atletas para su preparación y competición. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar las diferentes pruebas que se utilizan para medir la fatiga muscular en atletas hombre de CrossFit. Por ellos se realizó una búsqueda sistemática siguiendo las pautas de PRISMA y en los artículos se incluyeron los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos originales, atletas hombres de CrossFit y evaluación de la fatiga muscular. Estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años (desde el año 2011 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2021), los artículos no se limitaron a un idioma en específico, encontrando en su mayoría inglés y español. La selección principal fue por medio del título, después por medio del resumen y lectura del documento completo en estudios potenciales. Finalmente, se encontraron cinco artículos en los cuales se identificaron diversas pruebas para medir la fatiga muscular en los atletas de CrossFit. Como conclusión dada la amplia variedad de entrenamientos (WOD), tipos de ejercicios e intensidades en CrossFit es necesario valorar pruebas físicas y marcadores bioquímicos. Abstract. CrossFit is training highly practiced by various athletes around the world, who prepare each year to be better and be selected to compete in the CrossFit Games. Currently very little known about the tests that assess muscle fatigue in athletes who practice this type of training. Muscle fatigue plays a fundamental role in the performance of athletes for their preparation and competition. The purpose of this study was to compare the different tests used to measure muscle fatigue in male CrossFit athletes. For them, a systematic search was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, and the following inclusion criteria were included in the articles: original articles, CrossFit male athletes, and evaluation of muscle fatigue. Studies published in the last 10 years (from 2011 to March 31, 2021) the articles were not limited to a specific language, finding mostly English and Spanish. The main selection was by title, then by abstracting and reading the entire document in potential studies. Finally, five articles were found in which various tests were found to measure muscle fatigue in CrossFit athletes. In conclusion, given the wide variety of workouts (WOD) types of exercises and intensities in CrossFit, it is necessary to assess physical tests and biochemical markers.

Laboratory tests and analysis of CIPP epoxy-resin internal liners used in pipelines – part I: comparison of tests and engineering calculations

Tests that were carried out in order to obtain knowledge of the actual values of strength parameters obtained by CIPP liners that are used to repair pipelines. Specimens of liners made of high quality polyester felt cured with epoxy resin were subjected to tests. The scope of the performed studies corresponded with the scope of acceptance tests, which are carried out in the investment process during quality control of renovation works. Specimens of liners taken from sewers with 3 different diameters, i.e. 200mm, 350mm and 500mm were selected as representative for underground sewage networks. The obtained results enabled the calculations carried out in the course of design work to be verified, and differences between the model values of the strength parameters obtained from the calculations, and real values that are burdened with irregularities resulting from the conditions prevailing at a construction site and which were obtained for specimens taken from their built-in locations to be compared. The tests confirmed that it is possible to renovate - using CIPP liners - sewers with a lot of structural and material damage that negatively affects a liner‘s geometry. The implementation of the reinforcing internal coating in a sewer enables its further safe operation. The direct application value of the research involves the enlargement and clarification of knowledge concerning the actual load-bearing capacity of CIPP liners.

Empirical Comparison of Tests for One-Factor ANOVA Under Heterogeneity and Non-Normality: A Monte Carlo Study

Although the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) F test is one of the most popular statistical tools to compare group means, it is sensitive to violations of the homogeneity of variance (HOV) assumption. This simulation study examines the performance of thirteen tests in one-factor ANOVA models in terms of their Type I error rate and statistical power under numerous (82,080) conditions. The results show that when HOV was satisfied, the ANOVA F or the Brown-Forsythe test outperformed the other methods in terms of both Type I error control and statistical power even under non-normality. When HOV was violated, the Structured Means Modeling (SMM) with Bartlett or SMM with Maximum Likelihood was strongly recommended for the omnibus test of group mean equality.

Comparison of tests on covariance structures of normal populations

In some studies, there is interest in testing the variance structure, as in the context of multivariate or modelling techniques. Therefore, the importance of using hypothesis tests on covariance structures is emphasized. The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed performance study regarding the power and type I error rate of some existing identity and sphericity tests, considering the scenarios with different numbers of variables (2 to 64) and sample sizes (5 to 100). The proposal of Ledoit and Wolf (2002) is the most appropriate to test the identity structure. For the sphericity test, the version of John (1972), modified by Ledoit and Wolf (2002), followed by the proposal of Box (1949), were the ones with the best performance.