Study on the effect of fengycin on the respiration and metabolic mechanism of Penicillium expansum

This study investigate the inhibiting effect of fengycin on respiration and nutrient utilization of Penicillium expansum. The respiratory inhibition rate of the P. expansum was determined by the test of dissolved oxygen fengycin, The effect of fengycin treatment on the activity of P. expansum mitochondrial complex enzyme was detected by mitochondrial enzyme activity assay. The ability of fengycin treatment to P. expansum the utilization of total sugar and total protein was determined by DNS colorimetric method and biuret method. After fengycin treatments, the TCA pathway of respiratory metabolism in P. expansum was inhibited. Besides, fengycin could block the gene expression in P. expansum by binding P. expansum mitochondrial complex enzyme II and III related genes. Therefore, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes was affected. With the increasement of fengycin concentration, the absorption and utilization capacity of P. expansum to total sugar and total protein decreased significantly. Fengycin could inhibit the respiratory metabolism and reduce the biochemical metabolism level in P. expansum and finally caused the growth inhibition.

INFLUENCE OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS IN COWS ON FORMATION OF COLOSTRAL IMMUNITY IN CALVES

The health of the newborn depends entirely on the state of the mother’s body throughout the pregnancy. Ensuring optimal conditions for keeping pregnant animals is based, first of all, on adequate feeding and ensuring the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the environment. The cow’s body undergoes a great load during the transition period, which begins 3 weeks before calving and lasts for six weeks. When the technology of feeding and housing is violated, during this period, metabolic disorders often occur in cows, which are manifested by increased production of ketones. It is known that the development of immunity in the early postnatal period in a calf largely depends on the timely feeding of colostrum. Maternal immunoglobulins from colostrum enter the systemic circulation of the newborn in the small intestine through the tubular system of epithelial cells by pinocytosis.The aim of the study is to study the effect of subclinical ketosis in mothers cows on the formation of colostral immunity in calves born from them.For the study, pregnant cows 3-6 years old were selected 3-7 days before delivery. Urine and blood samples were taken from the cows. In order to identify subclinical ketosis in cows, urine was tested for ketones. According to the results of the study, two groups of 10 animals were formed – in the first group (experimental) the level of ketone bodies in the urine ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 mmol/l, in the second group (control) ketones were not found in the urine. Immediately after calving, portions of colostrum were taken from the cows, and blood was taken from newborn calves a day after the first colostrum was fed. The content of immunoglobulins was studied in skim colostrum and in the blood serum of newborn calves. In the blood serum of day-old calves, the content of total protein was also determined by the biuret method, albumin – by the photometric method with bromcresol green.According to the results of the study, a decrease in the classes of immunoglobulins G, M and A was found in the blood serum of cows before calving by 19.1-23.5%, in colostrum – by 23.7-34.4%, and in the blood serum of day old calves – by 21.7-27.6%. The decrease in IgM concentration was determined to the greatest extent. Subclinical ketosis of mothers had practically no effect on the content of albumin in the blood of calves.

Proximate analysis on animal feed granules composed of raw material from fish innards wastes

Introduction: Fish innards contain 14.01% protein, 20% lipid, 4.75% ash, and 60.62% water. Fish innards are formulated into granules for practicality in their application as animal feed. Aim: This research on the proximate analysis of animal feed granules composed of raw material from fish innards wastes used a descriptive quantitative method. Results: The result indicated that the water content measured using the thermogravimetric method was 6.62%, the ash content observed using the dry ashing method was 10.25%, the protein content checked using the biuret method was 37.03%, fat content using the soxhlet method was 6.13%, and carbohydrate content measured using phenol sulfate method was 26.14%. Conclusion: These findings show that nutrient contents in the composition of animal feed granules of raw material from fish innards wastes fulfill the regulation of animal feed content based on SNI-8509-2018.

Interference by piperacillin/tazobactam in the measurement of creatinine with the Jaffe method and of total protein with the biuret method

Serum creatinine and total protein are routinely measured biochemical parameters used in clinical medicine. An abnormal result caused by interference with the assay does not accurately reflect a patient’s clinical state and therefore risks misleading clinicians. We report the case of a patient who had unexplainable high creatinine and total protein results. The blood collection was contaminated with intravenous fluid and the patient was receiving piperacillin/tazobactam. Additional laboratory studies demonstrated piperacillin/tazobactam was the cause of the false positive results and the elevation in both serum creatinine and protein level was dependent on the concentration of antibiotic present.

Study of the functional product’s protein compounds digestion features

The aim of the study was to investigate the transformation of meat product’s proteins from pig hearts and aortas during enzymatic hydrolysis in an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract. The model consisted of three phases simulating digestion processes: “oral cavity” phase (a-amylase, pH 7.0; 2 min), “stomach” phase (pork pepsin, pH 3.0; 120 min), “intestine” phase (pork pancreatin, pH 7.0; 130 min). The product was sequentially subjected to hydrolysis, at the end of each phase, samples were taken to determine the protein concentration (biuret method) and visualize the protein fractions (one-dimensional electrophoresis). A significant increase in protein concentration at the “stomach” phase was revealed by 3.2 times, and the absolute content by 4.6 times. At the “intestine” phase, a decrease in the number of peptide complexes with copper ions by 1.8 times, the absolute protein content by 8.5% was re‑ vealed. The noted tendency was confirmed by electrophoretic studies — at the stage, simulating digestion in the stomach, the prod‑ ucts of meat product’s proteins hydrolysis were visualized; at the “intestine” phase, a low expression of protein fractions in the range of more than 10 kDa is shown. The maximum hydrolysis of protein compounds at the “stomach” phase to poly- and oligopeptides was confirmed, continuing at the “intestine” stage with the accumulation of free amino acids. This methodology makes it possible to visualize the products of hydrolysis of proteins in a meat product at all stages of the model and to monitor changes in protein concentration in the system.

Characterization of acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) extracted from shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) waste

Fish waste management is one of the biggest impacts towards the environment. However, it is one of the rich sources of protein. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) from shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) waste, with the yields of ASC (3.35±3.43%) and PSC (0.10±0.13%) respectively. The isolated ASC and PSC from shortfin scad waste were characterized on chemical composition, protein concentration, structural properties by FTIR, solubility and morphology properties compared to the commercial collagen from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scales. In terms of chemical composition, PSC showed better than ASC, since it contains comparatively higher in protein (26.97±1.02%) by Kjeldahl method and protein concentration (2.69±0.47 mg/mL) by biuret method, compared to ASC. The FTIR investigations also certified the existence of spacial triplehelical structures of collagens that are important for collagen backbones. Solubility results showed that both ASC and PSC are high insolubility at acidic pH with the lowest solubilisation point at the range of alkali condition. The morphological analysis of both ASC and PSC were almost similar too, as there were fibrils and porous structure. Therefore, collagen from shortfin scad waste, could be a useful alternative, with the potential to be used in food ingredient, biomedical, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries

Evaluation of ascorbic acid levels and other biochemical parameters levels in Local and Imported Lemon Juices.

Lemon fruit is an important type of Rutaceae family, it has many health benefits due to its important contents. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin which has reductive properties, so it is used on a large scale as antioxidant in food and drinks. The goal of this search is to determine the concentrations of vitamin C and protein and minerals (Iron, Magnesium, Potassium , and Calcium) in local and imported lemon juices.Local and imported (from Turkey) lemon were chosen in this study, Ascorbic acid concentration was measured via redox titration method; involve titration with an oxidant solution: dichlorophenol indophenol. Furthermore protein concentration was measured spectrophotometry depending on Biuret method and the minerals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results indicated that local lemon juice is a rich source of vitamin C (24.02±1.07mg/100ml juice) in comparison to the imported lemon. However the local lemon juice gave a lowest concentration of protein (0.37± 0.21mg/100ml juice). Minerals concentrations were somewhat close when compared between the three studied groups while the pH value was slightly higher in local lemon . Our results indicates that local lemon juice is a highest source of the important antioxidant vitamin (vitamin C) with acceptable acidity .

Cytokine status in the omentum and peritoneum in metastatic gastric cancer.

e16557 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in Russia. Many researchers note the ambiguous role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of tumor processes. The purpose of the study was to determine characteristics of the cytokine status in the omentum and peritoneum of patients with metastatic GC. Methods: The main group (Mgr) included 23 patients with T2-4N0-3M1 GC with metastases to the peritoneum and greater omentum, the mean age 58.9±9.7 years. The comparison group (Cgr) included 20 non-cancer patients, the mean age 55.9±9.7 years. Tissues of the omentum (OT) and peritoneum (PT) were obtained from all patients during cytoreductive and diagnostic surgeries. Ex tempore tissues were disintegrated using BD Medimachine (USA) with 0.9% NaCl; the cell suspension was centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected and aliquoted. Levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-10 (Vektor-Best, Russia) and IL-1RA (eBioscience, Austria) were determined by ELISA. The results were expressed as the specific content per 1 g of protein evaluated by the biuret method (pg/mL/g of protein). Statisical analysis of the results was performed with the Statistica 10 program (StatSoft Inc., USA). Significance of differences was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney and Wilkinson tests; differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results: In Cgr, levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-1β in OT were 4.1±1.1, 3.4±0.7, 21.2±5.5 and 10.8±2.1, while in Mgr – 55.3±24.4, 32.5±13.8, 144.9±48.4 and 21.01±5.4 pg/mL/g of protein, i.e. 13.7, 9.5, 6.9 and 1.9 times (p≤0.05) higher than in Cgr, respectively. The specific content of IL-1RA in OT was 12.6 times higher, p≤0.05 (215.7±69.8 vs. 2723.1±730.1), and the IL-10 concentration did not differ significantly. In PT of Cgr, levels of IL-8, IL-18 and IL-6 were 9.8±7.3, 35.2±21.7, 7.5±3.7, and in Mgr – 250.7±21.4, 322.9±16.9, 61.1±27.6 pg/mL/g, i.e. 25.7, 9.2 and 8.2 times (p≤0.05) higher than in Cgr. IL-1RA in PT of Mgr was 24.4 times higher than in Cgr, p≤0.05 (7656.2±3160.3 vs. 357.69±180.86). Conclusions: A certain microenvironment is formed in OT and PT affected by metastases, with specific features in the ratio and concentrations of various cytokines, which undoubtedly contribute to the formation of a secondary tumor.

Concentration of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid but not lithium heparin affects total protein determination in equine synovial fluid

BackgroundRefractometric determination of total protein (TP) in synovial fluid (SF) is commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of synovial sepsis in horses. Previous studies have shown that elevated concentrations of certain anticoagulants may overestimate refractometric determination of TP concentration.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of dipotassium EDTA (K2EDTA) and lithium heparin (LH) on TP determination by using a hand-held refractometer in equine synovial fluid.Study designCross-section observational study.MethodsThirty samples of synovial fluid obtained from 22 horses with different synovial conditions were collected. Synovial fluid samples were separated into different aliquots and placed in commercially available collection tubes containing K2EDTA or LH at four different concentrations (1.76, 3.52, 7.04 and 17.6 mg/ml for K2EDTA; 16, 32, 64 and 160 IU/ml for LH) . Refractometric TP determination was performed on untreated and K2EDTA and LH aliquots with a hand-held refractometer and by spectophotometric Biuret method as the gold standard.ResultsRefractometric TP determination was overestimated in SF samples containing 10 times the recommended K2EDTA concentrations. Lower concentrations of K2EDTA and LH concentrations did not affect refractometric TP determinations.Main limitationsLimited number of samples mostly obtained from large synovial structures.ConclusionTo avoid incorrect TP determination, the use of LH containing collection tubes may be an appropriate alternative when the SF volume available is not enough to fill the K2EDTA collection tube.