DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF XANTONS AND THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERTHE EARTH AND EXTRACT IRIS LACTEA PALL

Iris lactea Pall (milky-white iris) belongs to the genus Iris L. of the Corridaceae family Iridaceae. In the form of an herb or an extract of Iris lactea Pall is found in some dietary supplements, it is included in the Alpizarin ointment, used as an antiviral agent. The use of antiviral drugs of plant origin is the safest method of treatment, given that about 90% of the population is affected by herpes. Data on the elemental composition of herbs and extracts of Iris lactea Pall are absent in the literature. The purpose of the work is to determine the content of xanthones and the elemental composition of the herb and the dry extract of Iris lactea Pall. The article presents the results of the determination of the main groups of active substances. The quantitative content of Cu, Fe, Ca, Co, Ti, Se, V, P, B, Na, Mg, K, Al, Ba, Sb, Ag, Sr, Sn, Mo, was determined by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with an ionically coupled plasma. Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Be, Mn, Cr, while the content of heavy metals and arsenic in the grass and extract does not exceed their maximum allowable content in medicinal herbal preparations. The following methods were determined by thin layer chromatography: Xanthone alpizarin and flavonoids rutin and quercetin. The method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of alpizarin and related xanthones. According to the developed method for the determination of xanthones by the HPLC method proposed in this article, the highest content of xanthones, in terms of alpizarin, is in the grass milky white – 1.14%, and in the dry extract – 1.79%. Milk-White Iris extract and herb are a promising source for the development of drugs that suppress the reproduction of the herpes simplex virus and its subtypes.

The development of methods for the determination of residues of the herbicide halauxifen-methyl in barley and rape

Optimal conditions for the extraction of halauxifen-methyl from grain, straw and green mass of barley; seeds, oil and green mass of rape, as well as the conditions for the purification of extracts were selected on the basis of the distribution constants (P) and distribution coefficients (D) experimentally determined at a temperature of (20 ± 1) °C. At the first stage, acetonitrile, or acidified acetonitrile, or a mixture of water and acetonitrile were used to extract the pesticide. Halauxi fen-methyl was found to be a weakly hydrophobic substance and it exhibits the properties of a weak base in aqueous solutions. For the purification of plant material extracts hexane – 1 mol/L aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and hexane – 10 % K2HPO4 aqueous solution were successfully used (to neutralize the acid and increase the extraction constant due to the salting out effect). The samples obtained after purification are sufficiently pure. So, the residual amounts of halauxifen-methyl can be determined by widespread liquid chromatography with diode array (ultraviolet) detection at the level, which is equal or lower to the maximum allowable content of herbicide in barley and rape.

Heavy Metals Characterization of Sludge from a Philippine Recycling Paper Mill

Wastewater treatment sludge, which is the largest volume residual waste stream generated by the pulp and paper industry, is generally disposed of in a dedicated landfill. Composting the sludge is an alternative method proposed by the Asian Regional Research Program on Environmental Technology-De La Salle University (ARRPET-DLSU) Minor Issue Group. The Philippine Department of Agriculture's (DA) standards for an organic fertilizer's maximum allowable content of heavy metals provided the legislative regulation for the conversion of sludge to compost. The research was designed to characterize the sludge samples from TIPCO, a Philippine paper-recycling mill, and establish whether the sludge contained the heavy metals cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (MS). Sampling was done for four weeks during newsprint and white paper production. Three discharge terminals were established as sampling points. The samples showed that the metal content of the sludge vary from point to point and was highest throughout the manufacture of white paper. Chromium, mercury, and nickel, however, were nondetectable in all the samples, while cadmium was detectable only in very few samples. Lead and zinc were present at all three points and were highest at the de inking sludge. Comparing the results with Part 503 of the United States EPA and the DA's guidelines for organic fertilizers yield significantly lower parameter values. Composting the sludge was, therefore, found to be a feasible option for recycling paper-mill sludge since the metal content were very low compared to local and international standards.