Effect of Woolen Cloth to Maintain Temperature 39°C of Crystaloid Fluid Ringer Lactate at Room Temperature 18°C

Fluid resuscitation with 39ᵒC is one of the main therapies for hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock patients to prevent complications. In this time, we already have tools to keep the fluid warm, but not all health services have these tools. To find out the effectiveness of using woolen cloth against the temperature of Ringer Lactate 39°C crystalloid fluid at room temperature 18°C. This study used a pre-experimental method, with a static group comparison approach, with 4 Ringer Lactate liquid samples divided into 2 groups, namely groups using wool cloth and those not using woolen cloth. Data collected through observation sheets. Data analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. With this p value (0.00001) <α (0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the use of woolen cloth and those that do not use woolen cloth. The woolen cloth is effective to slow down the decrease in temperature of the crystalloid liquid Ringer Lactate 39ᵒC at room temperature 18ᵒC. The difference in temperature changes in the Ringer Lactate crystalloid fluid is influenced by several things including humidity, ambient temperature, and additional material used.

Looking South

This chapter explores medieval contact and trade between Britain and the Iberian Peninsula. For the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in north-west Spain, archaeological evidence includes coins, burials, badges, scallop shells, and souvenirs of bone, ivory, and jet as well as artistic influences on heraldry and artistic representation. The important heavy goods being transported were wool, cloth, metals, and bulk foodstuffs for which there is an emerging archaeology of production in Spain and Portugal. There was also minor trade in leather and salt as well as in foodstuffs like honey and wine, figs, and candied fruit. Pottery and tile exports from Spain are today the most telling indication of commercial contact and personal exchange but English embroideries and alabaster devotional panels are among the items of exchange which travelled south and have survived. Overall, Anglo-Iberian contact in the Middle Ages has left an oddly skewed signature in the archaeological record.

Organizing specialized production: gender in the medieval Flemish wool cloth industry (c. 1250–1384)

ABSTRACT:In the earliest centuries of the Flemish wool cloth industry, the lower-level, preparatory stage of wool processing and spinning was organized by a form of ‘putting-out’ significantly different from later forms in the industry. It took place in and around the cities or smaller drapery centres rather than in rural areas, and women were prominent as middle-level organizers, managers and small entrepreneurs, despite their marginal status in or exclusion from the craft guilds. Using small bits of evidence from Flemish regulations and contracts from the earliest documented period of cloth production, this article analyses lower-level organization through the lens of gender. It shows that the production of yarn was organized by a broad middling level of drapers and small marketsellers, who were women, men and husbands and wives working together. The gendered lens distinguishes this middle level, which was indispensable to the efficient production of wool cloth in medieval Flanders.